Optimization of Biomass Conversion to Levulinic Acid in Acidic Ionic Liquid and Upgrading of Levulinic Acid to Ethyl Levulinate

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• 作者：Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli ; Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
• 关键词：Levulinic acid ; Acidic ionic liquid ; Response surface methodology ; Optimization ; Oil palm fronds ; Ethyl levulinate
• 刊名：BioEnergy Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：10
• 期：1
• 页码：50-63
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Plant Genetics & Genomics; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Plant Ecology; Wood Science & Technology;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1939-1242
• 卷排序：10

文摘

Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile platform chemical that can be derived from biomass as an alternative to fossil fuel resources. Herein, the optimization of LA production from glucose and oil palm fronds (OPF) catalyzed by an acidic ionic liquid; 1-sulfonic acid-3-methyl imidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([SMIM][FeCl₄]) have been investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the LA yield and to examine the effect and interaction of reaction parameters on the LA production. The reaction parameters include reaction temperature, reaction time, feedstock loading, and catalyst loading. From the optimization study, the predicted mathematical models for LA production from glucose and OPF covered more than 90 % of the variability in the experimental data. At optimum conditions, 69.2 % of LA yield was obtained from glucose, while 24.8 % of LA yield was attained from OPF and registered 77.3 % of process efficiency. The recycled [SMIM][FeCl₄] gave sufficient performance for five successive cycles. Furthermore, the optimum LA produced from glucose and OPF can be directly converted to ethyl levulinate through esterification over the [SMIM][FeCl₄] catalyst. This study highlights the potential of [SMIM][FeCl₄] for biorefinery processing of renewable feedstocks at mild process conditions.