Shoot development of Norway spruce (Picea abies) involves changes in piperidine alkaloids and condensed tannins

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• 作者：V. Virjamo (1)
  R. Julkunen-Tiitto (1)
  
• 关键词：Picea abies ; Piperidine alkaloids ; Condensed tannins ; Phenology
• 刊名：Trees - Structure and Function
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：April 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：28
• 期：2
• 页码：427-437
• 全文大小：536 KB
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  36. Virjamo V, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Henttonen H, Hiltunen E, Karjalainen R, Korhonen J, Huitu O (2013a) Differences in vole preference, secondary chemistry and nutrient levels between naturally regenerated and planted Norway spruce seedlings. J Chem Ecol 39:1322鈥?334 CrossRef
  37. Virjamo V, Sutinen S, Julkunen-Tiitto R (2013b) Combined effect of elevated UVB, elevated temperature and fertilization on growth, needle structure and phytochemistry of young Norway spruce ( / Picea abies) seedlings. Glob Chang Biol. doi:10.1111/gcb.12464 (in press)
  
• 作者单位：V. Virjamo (1)
  R. Julkunen-Tiitto (1)
  
  1. Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
  
• ISSN：1432-2285

文摘

Key Message Secondary chemistry of P. abies peaks early in shoot development. Condensed tannins accumulate already in late buds while piperidine alkaloid biosynthesis take place in early stage shoots. Abstract Plants protect new vegetative parts with defensive secondary metabolite compounds. We investigated how concentrations of piperidine alkaloids and condensed tannins change during bud burst and shoot growth in adult Picea abies. We detected 12 individual piperidine compounds, of which epipinidinone and 1,2-dehydropinidinone and two tentatively identified 1,6-imines are reported for the first time in P. abies. In addition three piperidine alkaloid compounds remain partly identified. We found that concentrations of both total piperidine alkaloids and condensed tannins were highest immediately after bud burst. While concentrations of condensed tannins started to increase during bud opening, the dilution effect decreased concentrations in the developing needles of mature branches. By contrast, the decrease of total alkaloid concentrations in mature shoots was not due to the dilution effect, but was connected to the disappearance of precursor components of biosynthesis. The concentrations of major alkaloid components remain stable from dormant buds to mature needles and twigs, underlining their importance for P. abies, although their real ecological significance is yet to be solved. Based on the structural features and timing of appearance of individual compounds, we also propose a hypothetical biosynthesis route for trans-substituted coniferous piperidine alkaloids.