Incomplete Mixing in the Fate and Transport of Arsenic at a River Affected by Acid Drainage
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- 作者：Paula Guerra ; Christian Gonzalez ; Cristian Escauriaza…
- 关键词：Aluminum ; Arsenic ; Acid drainage ; Confluence ; Iron ; Particle size ; Suspended solids ; Turbidity
- 刊名：Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：227
- 期：3
- 全文大小：2,415 KB
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Christian Gonzalez (1)
Cristian Escauriaza (1) (3)
Gonzalo Pizarro (1) (4)
Pablo Pasten (1) (4)
1. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 3939, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
3. Centro Nacional de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Desastres Naturales, CIGIDEN, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
4. Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Environment
Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
Terrestrial Pollution
Hydrogeology - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-2932
文摘
Acid drainage is an environmental liability that impacts the quality of surface waters. However, the precipitation of iron and aluminum oxy/hydroxides decreases the concentration of dissolved toxic metals (such as arsenic) in rivers that receive acid drainage. Additionally, hydrodynamic factors (e.g., flow velocity fields and mixing ratios) control incomplete chemical mixing. Despite the occurrence of incomplete mixing in streams, its role on the fate and transport of contaminants has not been explored. We analyzed these processes at the Azufre River (pH 2)–Caracarani River (pH 8.6) confluence, northern Chile. We performed cross-sectional measurements of pH, turbidity, and particle size distributions and sampled water and suspended solids to analyze iron, aluminum, and arsenic. To complement field measurements, mixing experiments and geochemical modeling were performed. We found that there were distinct mixing zones on the field that promoted the precipitation of iron phases (pH >3) or the precipitation of iron and aluminum phases (pH ∼5). While iron phases immobilized arsenic by sorption (up to 8700 mg kg−1 of arsenic concentration in the solid phase), aluminum contributed to produce particles with the capacity to resist shear stress (strength factors ∼90 %). More than 50 % of the total arsenic was removed from the aqueous phase within 100 m from the junction point, suggesting settling of iron and aluminum particles. These results showed that incomplete mixing was a controlling factor in the fate and transport of arsenic. Fluvial confluences receiving acid drainage are natural reactors that can attenuate toxic metals. A better understanding of the chemical-hydrodynamic interactions in fluvial confluences can lead to new strategies for enhanced attenuation of toxic metals. Keywords Aluminum Arsenic Acid drainage Confluence Iron Particle size Suspended solids Turbidity