Dissipation Intermittency Increases Long-Distance Dispersal of Heavy Particles in the Canopy Sublayer
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  • 作者:Tomer Duman ; Ana Trakhtenbrot ; Davide Poggi ; Massimo Cassiani…
  • 关键词:Canopy turbulence ; Dissipation intermittency ; Lagrangian stochastic model ; Long ; distance dispersal ; Seed dispersal kernel
  • 刊名:Boundary-Layer Meteorology
  • 出版年:2016
  • 出版时间:April 2016
  • 年:2016
  • 卷:159
  • 期:1
  • 页码:41-68
  • 全文大小:1,119 KB
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  • 作者单位:Tomer Duman (1)
    Ana Trakhtenbrot (1)
    Davide Poggi (2)
    Massimo Cassiani (3)
    Gabriel G. Katul (4)

    1. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
    2. Dipartimento di Idraulica, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
    3. The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Oslo, Norway
    4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
  • 刊物类别:Earth and Environmental Science
  • 刊物主题:Earth sciences
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  • 出版者:Springer Netherlands
  • ISSN:1573-1472
文摘
The dispersion of heavy particles such as seeds within canopies is evaluated using Lagrangian stochastic trajectory models, laboratory, and field experiments. Inclusion of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate intermittency is shown to increase long-distance dispersal (LDD) by contributing to the intermittent ejection of particles to regions of high mean velocity outside the canopy volume. Model evaluation against controlled flume experiments, featuring a dense rod canopy, detailed flow measurements, and imaged trajectories of spherical particles, demonstrates that superimposing a terminal velocity on the fluid velocity is insufficient to determine the particle dispersal kernel. Modifying the trajectory model by adding dissipation intermittency is found to be significant for dispersal predictions along with the addition of inertial and crossing trajectories’ effects. Comparison with manual seed-release experiments in a forest using wind-dispersed seeds shows that the model captures most of the measured kernels when accepted uncertainties in plant area index and friction velocity are considered. Unlike the flume experiments, the model modifications for several wind-dispersed seeds have minor effects on short-distance dispersal. A large increase was predicted in LDD when including dissipation intermittency for the forest experiment. The main results suggest that fitting or calibrating models to the ‘main body’ of measured kernels may not offer extrapolating foresight to LDD predictions. As inertial effects were found mostly negligible in the field conditions here, the extended trajectory model requires specifying only the seed’s terminal velocity and a constant variance of the normalized dissipation rate. Therefore, the proposed modifications can be readily applied to classical trajectory models so as to improve LDD predictions.

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