Novel concepts in male factor infertility: clinical and laboratory perspectives
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- 作者：Sandro C. Esteves
- 关键词：Andrology ; Male infertility ; Microsurgery ; Nonobstructive azoospermia ; Semen analysis ; Sperm DNA fragmentation ; Varicocele
- 刊名：Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：October 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：33
- 期：10
- 页码：1319-1335
- 全文大小：2,420 KB
- 刊物类别：Medicine
- 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
Gynecology
Developmental Biology
Human Genetics - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-7330
- 卷排序：33
文摘
In recent years, the management of male factor infertility has undergone important changes with the introduction of novel concepts, advanced testing, and therapeutic interventions. This review highlights some of these changes and discusses their impact to routine clinical practice. First, we discuss the recent changes in the World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory methods and reference values for the examination of human semen. Second, we examine the role of sperm chromatin integrity tests in light of increasing evidence of the detrimental effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on reproductive outcomes. Third, we summarize the main findings of varicocele-related infertility and the outcomes of microsurgical varicocele repair to different case scenarios. Lastly, we critically discuss the current management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia seeking fertility and the new opportunities that emerged to help these men achieve biological fatherhood.