Canopy light heterogeneity drives leaf anatomical, eco-physiological, and photosynthetic changes in olive trees grown in a high-density plantation

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• 作者：Ajmi Larbi ; Saúl Vázquez ; Hamdi El-Jendoubi ; Monji Msallem…
• 关键词：Canopy light distribution ; High ; density olive orchards ; Leaf anatomy ; Leaf phenotypic plasticity ; Photosynthesis
• 刊名：Photosynthesis Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：123
• 期：2
• 页码：141-155
• 全文大小：4,634 KB
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• 作者单位：Ajmi Larbi (1)
  Saúl Vázquez (2)
  Hamdi El-Jendoubi (2)
  Monji Msallem (1)
  Javier Abadía (2)
  Anunciación Abadía (2)
  Fermín Morales (2)
  
  1. Institut de l’Olivier, BP 208, Cité Mahrajène, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
  2. Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, PO Box 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Physiology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5079

文摘

In the field, leaves may face very different light intensities within the tree canopy. Leaves usually respond with light-induced morphological and photosynthetic changes, in a phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity. Canopy light distribution, leaf anatomy, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and pigment composition were investigated in an olive (Olea europaea, cvs. Arbequina and Arbosana) orchard planted with a high-density system (1,250?trees?ha?). Sampling was made from three canopy zones: a lower canopy (2?m). Light interception decreased significantly in the lower canopy when compared to the central and top ones. Leaf angle increased and photosynthetic rates and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased significantly and progressively from the upper canopy to the central and the lower canopies. The largest leaf areas were found in the lower canopy, especially in the cultivar Arbequina. The palisade and spongy parenchyma were reduced in thickness in the lower canopy when compared to the upper one, in the former due to a decrease in the number of cell layers from three to two (clearly distinguishable in the light and fluorescence microscopy images). In both cultivars, the concentration of violaxanthin-cycle pigments and β-carotene was higher in the upper than in the lower canopy. Furthermore, the de-epoxidized forms zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin increased significantly in those leaves from the upper canopy, in parallel to the NPQ increases. In conclusion, olive leaves react with morphological and photosynthetic changes to within-crown light gradients. These results strengthen the idea of olive trees as “modular organisms-that adjust the modules morphology and physiology in response to light intensity.