A Simplified Methodology to Measure the Characteristic Curvature (Cc) of Alkyl Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactants
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- 作者：Silvia Zarate-Muñoz ; Felipe Texeira de Vasconcelos…
- 关键词：Characteristic curvature ; Commercial nonionic surfactants ; Phase inversion ; Emulsion stability ; Hydrophobicity ; Microemulsion
- 刊名：Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：19
- 期：2
- 页码：249-263
- 全文大小：1,226 KB
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Felipe Texeira de Vasconcelos (1)
Khaing Myint-Myat (1)
Jack Minchom (1)
Edgar Acosta (1)
1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Wallberg Building, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada - 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
- 刊物主题：Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Surfaces and Interfaces and Thin Films
Polymer Sciences
Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
Analytical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1558-9293
文摘
This work introduces a simplified methodology for measuring the characteristic curvature (Cc) of commercial alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactants using carefully selected reference surfactants and oils that produce rapid and well defined separations in salinity scans. The Cc of the commercial reference surfactants was calculated using optimal salinities (S*) obtained from solubilization parameter curves, from interfacial tensions (for a selected system), and from emulsion stability tests. The latter provided a fast detection of S*, in a matter of minutes. The calibrated Cc of the reference surfactants was subsequently used to measure the Cc of various commercial alkyl ethoxylate surfactants. The combination of mixtures of test and reference surfactants and emulsion stability tests produced reproducible Cc values that could be obtained with simple bottle tests and in a timely manner. The values obtained using this methodology were cross-checked, and proved to be consistent, when using different combinations of reference surfactants and oils, and when conducted by different individuals. The standard deviation of Cc from these measurements was typically ±0.2 Cc units, but it could be as large as 25 % of the Cc value for highly hydrophilic surfactants. After comparing the values of Cc obtained experimentally with values calculated from nominal structures (via a group contribution model) it became clear that there are differences between these values, likely because of the polydispersity of alkyl ethoxylate surfactants.