A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature

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• 作者：Nazilla Khanlou (1)
  Ron Wray (2)
  
• 关键词：Resilience ; Child ; Youth ; Mental Health Promotion ; Social Determinants of Health ; Health Equity ; Literature Review
• 刊名：International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：February 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 页码：64-79
• 全文大小：345 KB
• 作者单位：Nazilla Khanlou (1)
  Ron Wray (2)
  
  1. York University, HNES 3rd floor, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
  2. DGL Consulting, Toronto, ON, Canada
  
• ISSN：1557-1882

文摘

A literature review of child and youth resilience with a focus on: definitions and factors of resilience; relationships between resilience, mental health and social outcomes; evidence for resilience promoting interventions; and implications for reducing health inequities. To conduct the review, the first two following steps were conducted iteratively and informed the third step: 1) Review of published peer-review literature since 2000; and 2) Review of grey literature; and 3) Quasi-realist synthesis of evidence. Evidence from three perspectives were examined: i) whether interventions can improve ‘resilience-for vulnerable children and youth; ii) whether there is a differential effect among different populations; and, iii) whether there is evidence that resilience interventions ‘close the gap-on health and social outcome measures. Definitions of resilience vary as do perspectives on it. We argue for a hybrid approach that recognizes the value of combining multiple theoretical perspectives, epistemologies (positivistic and constructivist/interpretive/critical) in studying resilience. Resilience is: a) a process (rather than a single event), b) a continuum (rather than a binary outcome), and c) likely a global concept with specific dimensions. Individual, family and social environmental factors influence resilience. A social determinants perspective on resilience and mental health is emphasized. Programs and interventions to promoting resilience should be complimentary to public health measures addressing the social determinants of health. A whole community approach to resilience is suggested as a step toward closing the public health policy gap. Local initiatives that stimulate a local transformation process are needed. Recognition of each child’s or youth’s intersections of gender, lifestage, family resources within the context of their identity markers fits with a localized approach to resilience promotion and, at the same time, requires recognition of the broader determinants of population health.