Effects of CO₂ on Marine Fish: Larvae and Adults

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• 作者：Atsushi Ishimatsu ; Takashi Kikkawa ; Masahiro Hayashi ; Kyoung-Seon Lee and Jun Kita
• 关键词：Physiological effects of CO2 ; CO2 mortality ; marine fish ; developmental stage ; acid ; base regulation ; blood circulation
• 刊名：Journal of Oceanography
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：60
• 期：4
• 页码：731-741
• 全文大小：267 KB

文摘

CO₂-enriched seawater was far more toxic to eggs and larvae of a marine fish, silver seabream, Pagrus major, than HCl-acidified seawater when tested at the same seawater pH. Data on the effects of acidified seawater can therefore not be used to estimate the toxicity of CO₂, as has been done in earlier studies. Ontogenetic changes in CO₂ tolerance of two marine bony fishes (Pag. major and Japanese sillago, Sillago japonica) showed a similar, characteristic pattern: the cleavage and juvenile stages were most susceptible, whereas the preflexion and flexion stages were much more tolerant to CO₂. Adult Japanese amberjack, Seriola quinqueradiata, and bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus, died within 8 and 48 h, respectively, during exposure to seawater equilibrated with 5 % CO₂. Only 20 % of a cartilaginous fish, starspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus manazo, died at 7 % CO₂ within 72 h. Arterial pH initially decreased but completely recovered within 1-24 h for Ser. quinqueradiata and Par. olivaceus at 1 and 3 % CO₂, but the recovery was slower and complete only at 1 % for M. manazo. During exposure to 5 % CO₂, Par. olivaceus died after arterial pH had been completely restored. Exposure to 5 % CO₂ rapidly depressed the cardiac output of Ser. quinqueradiata, while 1 % CO₂ had no effect. Both levels of ambient CO₂ had no effect on blood O₂ levels. We tentatively conclude that cardiac failure is important in the mechanisms by which CO₂ kills fish. High CO₂ levels near injection points during CO₂ ocean sequestration are likely to have acute deleterious effects on both larvae and adults of marine fishes.