Paradise lost already? A naturalist interpretation of the pelagic avian and marine mammal detection database of the IceAGE cruise off Iceland and Faroe Islands in fall 2011

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• 作者：Falk Huettmann ; Torben Riehl ; Karin Meißner
• 关键词：Iceland ; Seabird population decline ; Passerines ; Sea mammals ; Pelagic survey and monitoring ; Climate change ; North Atlantic ; Naturalist sightings
• 刊名：Environment Systems and Decisions
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：36
• 期：1
• 页码：45-61
• 全文大小：773 KB
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• 作者单位：Falk Huettmann (1)
  Torben Riehl (2)
  Karin Meißner (3)
  
  1. -EWHALE lab-, Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
  2. Center for Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
  3. Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museum, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Biocentre Grindel, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Environment, general; Environmental Management; Sustainable Development; Environmental Engineering/B
• 刊物主题：Environment, general; Environmental Management; Sustainable Development; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Environmental Economics;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：2194-5411

文摘

We present naturalist sightings of seabirds and marine mammals made during a research cruise with the IceAGE project off Iceland and the Faroe Islands during September 2011. Our findings from the obtained pelagic database are in-line with many other, more in-depth studies, showing major declines for pelagic seabirds and likely sea mammals, thus revising the role that Iceland now plays for such species. Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) was the most recorded species, followed by different gulls, Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus). However, Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) and Common Murre (Uria aalge) were only seen very rarely, and no observations were made of Dovekie (Alle alle) or Thick-billed Murre (U. lomvia). These observations were surprising since Iceland is known, so far, to host globally relevant populations of these auk species. A surprising high number of thirteen species of passerines were also detected offshore, mostly Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis) and Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus). Only a few marine mammals (Balaenoptera and Megaptera sp.) were encountered. Our detections present underestimates but are discussed in relation to ongoing and recently reported but dramatic anthropogenic changes of Iceland and in the North Atlantic overall. These include the substantial decrease in bird populations, overfishing and subsequent trophic cascades, as well as climate change, Arctic shipping and more industrial development to come. In light of these dramatic ecological changes, we conclude with an urgent request for an improved effective conservation management for Iceland, the North Atlantic and its stakeholders for directly related global governance to handle problems proactively.