Structures of IV group elements and solid phases of water

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• 作者：G. G. Malenkov
• 关键词：polymorphism ; ice ; carbon ; silicon ; germanium ; tin ; crystal structures ; amorphous bodies ; clathrate compounds
• 刊名：Journal of Structural Chemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：57
• 期：4
• 页码：793-804
• 全文大小：1,601 KB
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Inorganic Chemistry
  Physical Chemistry
  Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas
  Atomic and Molecular Structure and Spectra
  Solid State Physics and Spectroscopy
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1573-8779
• 卷排序：57

文摘

The structures of solid phases of water and IV(b) group elements of the periodic table (carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin) are compared. Both water and mentioned elements are characterized by high polymorphism. All mentioned elements and ice have a modification with a diamond structure. For all substances considered, except tin, modifications with the structure of a hexagonal analogue of diamond (lonsdaleite) have been known. The modification with the β-Sn structure has not been known only for ice and carbon. One of the germanium modifications is isostructural to ice III. Tin has a modification with the α-Fe structure. The same structure is observed for ices VII, VIII, and X. Both water and IVb group elements can form clathrate compounds with cavities in the form of Allen’s polyhedra. In water clathrates these cavities contain noble gas atoms (Ar, Kr, Xe) and various molecules. Clathrates of IVb group elements contain metal atoms as well as noble gas atoms.