Changes in Microbial Water Quality Associated with an Extreme Recreational Water Event in Ohio, United States

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• 作者：Jason W. Marion ; Vanessa Burrowes ; Chang Soo Lee…
• 关键词：Bather Shedding ; Fecal Indicators ; Water Quality ; Public Health Risk ; Antibiotic Resistance ; Human fecal markers
• 刊名：Water Quality, Exposure and Health
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：7
• 期：4
• 页码：491-501
• 全文大小：844 KB
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• 作者单位：Jason W. Marion (1) (3)
  Vanessa Burrowes (1) (4)
  Chang Soo Lee (1) (5)
  Jiyoung Lee (1) (2)
  
  1. Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, 250 Cunz Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
  3. Department of Environmental Health Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA
  4. North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health, 4312 District Drive, Raleigh, NC, USA
  5. Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
  2. Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, 250 Cunz Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Pollution, General
  Environmental Medicine/Environmental Psychology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1876-1666

文摘

Extreme bather densities can have significant impacts on water quality in treated and untreated waters. In this case study, water quality was monitored throughout an annual event known as the “Mirror Lake Jump,-in which thousands of ‘jumpers-briefly entered a small lake fed by a municipal water supply, which provided an exceptional opportunity to track the water quality change due to extreme bather levels in a short period of time. Microbial water quality was monitored in conjunction with enumerating bathers, mostly collegians, fully exposing their body to the water, which occurred in an urban pond (2600 m3) on a university campus in Ohio, U.S.A. Microbial densities were determined from water samples collected before, during, and after the event. Quantification of fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci) and genetic markers reflecting fecal contamination (gyrB, HuBac, tetQ, ent23) was performed using culture-based methods and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between the total number of jumpers and levels of turbidity, enterococci, E. coli, a human-associated marker (HuBac), and an antibiotic resistance marker (tetQ). Among bacteriological parameters, the tetQ marker presented the most significant time-associated trend (p = 0.01). Overall, the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) densities observed during this extreme event ultimately exceeded water quality action values by an order of magnitude. Bather fecal shedding and resuspension of FIB and antibiotic-resistant bacteria likely occurred during the Mirror Lake Jump and future studies related to bather density impacts on microbial water quality are recommended for improving understanding related to potential public health impacts. Keywords Bather Shedding Fecal Indicators Water Quality Public Health Risk Antibiotic Resistance Human fecal markers