参考文献:1. hasis type-small-caps">Baragwanath, B. A. , & hasis type-small-caps">Turnbull, O. H. (2002). Central executive secondary tasks in object recognition: An analogue of the unusual views deficit in the neurologically normal? / Brain & Cognition, 48, 268鈥?72. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1359">CrossRef 2. hasis type-small-caps">Beck, M., Peterson, M. S. , & hasis type-small-caps">Vomela, M. (2006). Memory for where, but not what, is used during visual search. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 32, 235鈥?50. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.235">CrossRef 3. hasis type-small-caps">Brown, L. G. (1996). Additional rules for the transformed up-down method in psychophysics. / Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 959鈥?62. 4. hasis type-small-caps">Everling, S., Dorris, M. C. , & hasis type-small-caps">Munoz, D. P. (1998). Reflex suppression in the anti-saccade task is dependent on prestimulus neural processes. / Journal of Neurophysiology, 80, 1584鈥?589. 5. hasis type-small-caps">Everling, S. , & hasis type-small-caps">Munoz, D. P. (2000). Neuronal correlates for preparatory set associated with pro-saccades and anti-saccades in the primate frontal eye field. / Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 387鈥?00. 6. hasis type-small-caps">Garavan, H. (1998). Serial attention within working memory. / Memory & Cognition, 26, 263鈥?76. 7. hasis type-small-caps">Gaymard, B., Ploner, C. J., Rivaud, S., Vermersch, A. I. , & hasis type-small-caps">Pierrot-Deseilligny, C. (1998). Cortical control of saccades. / Experimental Brain Research, 123, 159鈥?63. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050557">CrossRef 8. hasis type-small-caps">Gnadt, J. W. , & hasis type-small-caps">Andersen, R. A. (1988). Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque. / Experimental Brain Research, 70, 216鈥?20. 9. hasis type-small-caps">Han, S.-H. , & hasis type-small-caps">Kim, M.-S. (2004). Visual search does not remain efficient when executive working memory is working. / Psychological Science, 15, 623鈥?28. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00730.x">CrossRef 10. hasis type-small-caps">Itti, L. , & hasis type-small-caps">Koch, C. (2000). A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. / Vision Research, 40, 1489鈥?506. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00163-7">CrossRef 11. hasis type-small-caps">Kane, M. J., Bleckley, M. K., Conway, A. R. A. , & hasis type-small-caps">Engle, R. W. (2001). A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 169鈥?83. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.169">CrossRef 12. hasis type-small-caps">Lavie, N., Hirst, A., de Fockert, J. W. , & hasis type-small-caps">Viding, E. (2004). Load theory of selective attention and cognitive control. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 339鈥?54. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.339">CrossRef 13. hasis type-small-caps">Mack, A. , & hasis type-small-caps">Rock, I. (1998). / Inattentional blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 14. hasis type-small-caps">Oh, S.-H. , & hasis type-small-caps">Kim, M.-S. (2004). The role of spatial working memory in visual search efficiency. / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 275鈥?81. 15. hasis type-small-caps">Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. / Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220鈥?44. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.220">CrossRef 16. hasis type-small-caps">Pashler, H., Carrier, M. , & hasis type-small-caps">Hoffman, J. (1993). Saccadic eye movements and dual-task interference. / Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 51鈥?2. 17. hasis type-small-caps">Peterson, M. S., Beck, M. R. , & hasis type-small-caps">Vomela, M. (2007). Visual search is guided by prospective and retrospective memory. / Perception & Psychophysics, 69, 123鈥?35. 18. hasis type-small-caps">Peterson, M. S., Kramer, A. F., Wang, R. F., Irwin, D. E. , & hasis type-small-caps">McCarley, J. S. (2001). Visual search has memory. / Psychological Science, 12, 287鈥?92. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00353">CrossRef 19. hasis type-small-caps">Postle, B. R., Awh, E., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E. , & hasis type-small-caps">D鈥橢sposito, M. (2004). The where and how of attention-based rehearsal in spatial working memory. / Cognitive Brain Research, 20, 194鈥?05. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.008">CrossRef 20. hasis type-small-caps">Roberts, R. J. , Jr., hasis type-small-caps">Hager, L. D. , & hasis type-small-caps">Heron, C. (1994). Prefrontal cognitive processes: Working memory and inhibition in the antisaccade task. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 374鈥?93. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.374">CrossRef 21. hasis type-small-caps">Rowe, J. B., Toni, I., Josephs, O., Frackowiak, R. S. J. , & hasis type-small-caps">Passingham, R. E. (2000). The prefrontal cortex: Response selection or maintenance within working memory? / Science, 288, 1656鈥?660. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1656">CrossRef 22. hasis type-small-caps">Sylvester, C.-Y. C., Wager, T. D., Lacey, S. C., Hernandez, L., Nichols, T. E., Smith, E. E. , & hasis type-small-caps">Jonides, J. (2003). Switching attention and resolving interference: fMRI measures of executive functions. / Neuropsychologia, 41, 357鈥?70. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00167-7">CrossRef 23. hasis type-small-caps">Wickens, C. D. (2002). Multiple resources and performance prediction. / Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 3, 159鈥?77. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14639220210123806">CrossRef 24. hasis type-small-caps">Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided Search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 202鈥?38. 25. hasis type-small-caps">Woodman, G. F. , & hasis type-small-caps">Luck, S. J. (2004). Visual search is slowed when visuospatial working memory is occupied. / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 269鈥?74. 26. hasis type-small-caps">Zingale, C. , & hasis type-small-caps">Kowler, E. (1987). Planning sequences of saccades. / Vision Research, 27, 1327鈥?341. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(87)90210-0">CrossRef
作者单位:Matthew S. Peterson (1) Meliss a R. Beck (1) Jason H. Wong (1)
1. Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., MS 3F5, Fairfax, VA, 22030
文摘
Recent evidence has indicated that performing a working memory task that loads executive working memory leads to less efficient visual search (Han & Kim, 2004). We explored the role that executive functioning plays in visual search by examining the pattern of eye movements while participants performed a search task with or without a secondary executive working memory task. Results indicate that executive functioning plays two roles in visual search: the identification of objects and the control of the disengagement of attention.