文摘
This study employed a statistical methodology to investigate the optimization of conversion conditions and evaluate the reciprocal interaction of reaction factors related to the process of red-algae Gracilaria verrucosa conversion to sugars (glucose, galactose), levulinic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by acidic hydrolysis. Overall, the conditions optimized for glucose formation included a higher catalyst concentration than did those for galactose, and these conditions for galactose were similar to those for 5-HMF. Levulinic acid production, meanwhile, was optimized at a higher reaction temperature, a higher catalyst concentration, and a longer reaction time than was glucose, galactose or 5-HMF production. By this approach, the optimal yields (and reaction conditions) for glucose, galactose, levulinic acid, and 5-HMF were as follows: glucose 5.29?g/L (8.46?wt%) (reaction temperature 160?°C, catalyst concentration 1.92?%, reaction time 20?min), galactose 18.38?g/L (29.4?wt%) (160?°C, 1.03?%, 20?min), levulinic acid 14.65?g/L (18.64?wt%) (180.9?°C, 2.85?%, 50?min), and 5-HMF 3.74?g/L (5.98?wt%) (160.5?°C, 1?%, 20?min).