Determination of major and trace elements in snow in Tianjin, China: a three-heating-season survey and assessment

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• 作者：Guanghong Wu ; Qi Wei ; Conghui Sun ; Jiajia Gao ; Ling Pan…
• 刊名：Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：September 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：9
• 期：6
• 页码：687-696
• 全文大小：1,494 KB
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
  Environment
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1873-9326
• 卷排序：9

文摘

Regions that have large coal consumption could be prone to elevated concentrations of atmospheric trace metals. Snow samples were collected at two sites in Tianjin, northern China, during three heating seasons and analyzed for major and trace elements. Concentrations were assessed for compliance with Chinese and US EPA Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters, and it was established that trace metals except Cd were present at concentrations below these standards. Enrichment factors showed that, in comparison with local top soils, Se, Hg, Cd, and Zn were highly enriched and As, Cu, Ni, and Pb were moderately enriched, suggesting that these metals were contributed primarily via anthropogenic activities. Concentrations of Mn, Co, Cr, V, and Al were not enriched and were mostly of crustal origin. Backward trajectories were calculated for each snow event using the NOAA HYSPLIT model. The transport characteristics and origins of the air masses were examined, which indicated that the elevated concentrations of Hg, Se, Cd, Zn, and As were influenced mainly by coal burning activities in northern China during the heating season. The results of this study revealed that anthropogenic activities have significant effect on snow water quality and thus, heavy metal emissions from coal consumption should be regulated more tightly.KeywordsContaminationEnrichmentHeating seasonTrace metalsSnow