Soil fertility and its significance to crop productivity and sustainability in typical agroecosystem: a summary of long-term fertilizer experiments in China
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- 作者：Qingyin Shang (1) (2)
Ning Ling (1)
Xumeng Feng (1)
Xiuxia Yang (1) (2)
Pingping Wu (1)
Jianwen Zou (1)
Qirong Shen (1)
Shiwei Guo (1) - 关键词：Crop productivity ; Long ; term fertilizer ; Maize ; Rice ; Soil fertility ; Wheat ; Yield stability
- 刊名：Plant and Soil
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：August 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：381
- 期：1-2
- 页码：13-23
- 全文大小：332 KB
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Ning Ling (1)
Xumeng Feng (1)
Xiuxia Yang (1) (2)
Pingping Wu (1)
Jianwen Zou (1)
Qirong Shen (1)
Shiwei Guo (1)
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
2. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China - ISSN：1573-5036
文摘
Aims and background Soil fertility quality index is a useful indicator that helps to improve sustainable land use management and achieve economical yield in agriculture production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes of soil fertility quality between the 1980s and 2000s in different cropping systems and its significance to crop productivity and sustainability. Methods We collected all published data on crop yields and soil parameters from 58 long-term experiments in three typical double-cropping systems in China, including maize-wheat (M-W), rice-rice (R-R) and rice-wheat (R-W) cropping systems, and selected seven fertilizer treatments in each experiment, including inorganic fertilizer [nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (NK), phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (PK) and balanced mineral fertilizer (NPK)], combined NPK with farmyard manure (NPKM) or crop straw (NPKS), and no fertilizer application (served as control). For comparison, an integrated fertility quality index (IFQI) was used to estimate the variations in soil fertility in different cropping systems. Moreover, the mean production variability index (PVI, %) in each cropping system was calculated to evaluate the stability of crop production. Results Over cropping systems, the averaged relative yields of PK, NK and NP ranged from 38.0 to 97.4?%, while the mean yields can be increased by 2.4-.1?% in NPKM, compared to NPK. The mean yields were similar between NPK and NPKS for maize and wheat crops, but the yield was increased by 4.3-0.0?% in NPKS. Among the different treatments, the highest variability of cereal productivity was obtained in NK, PK or Control, while the lowest value was mostly recorded in NPKM or NPKS in these three cropping systems. Relative to the control, the IFQIs in fertilization treatments were increased by 9.4-50.0?%, 6.2-1.5?% and 1.3-7.5?% in M-W, R-W and R-R systems, respectively (except for PK treatment in R-R system). However, changes of IFQI in topsoil differed among fertilizer treatments, and greater increases existed in the treatments receiving organic residues (NPKM and NPKS). Conclusions The increase in crop yield is exponentially correlated with the increased IFQI over treatments in three cropping systems. Over the treatments and systems, production variability among years is shown to be negatively, linearly related to IFQI (P--.001). Therefore, the high grain yield and low production variability can be simultaneously achieved by increasing soil fertility in all three cropping systems.