Challenges in sodium intake reduction and meal consumption patterns among participants with metabolic syndrome in a dietary trial

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• 作者：Jinsong Wang (10) (9)
  Barbara C Olendzki (10)
  Nicole M Wedick (10)
  Gioia M Persuitte (11)
  Annie L Culver (10)
  Wenjun Li (10)
  Philip A Merriam (10)
  James Carmody (10)
  Hua Fang (12)
  Zhiying Zhang (10)
  Gin-Fei Olendzki (10)
  Liang Zheng (10) (13)
  Yunsheng Ma (10)
  
• 关键词：Sodium ; Diet ; Metabolic syndrome ; Meal type ; Meal location
• 刊名：Nutrition Journal
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：December 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 全文大小：227 KB
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• 作者单位：Jinsong Wang (10) (9)
  Barbara C Olendzki (10)
  Nicole M Wedick (10)
  Gioia M Persuitte (11)
  Annie L Culver (10)
  Wenjun Li (10)
  Philip A Merriam (10)
  James Carmody (10)
  Hua Fang (12)
  Zhiying Zhang (10)
  Gin-Fei Olendzki (10)
  Liang Zheng (10) (13)
  Yunsheng Ma (10)
  
  10. Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
  9. Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
  11. Division of Biostatistics and Health Services Research, Department of Quantitative Health Science, Clinical and Population Health Research Doctoral Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
  12. Division of Biostatistics and Health Services Research, Department of Quantitative Health Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
  13. Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
  
• ISSN：1475-2891

文摘

Background Dietary guidelines suggest limiting daily sodium intake to <2,300?mg for the general population, and <1,500?mg/d for those with certain cardiovascular risk factors. Despite these recommendations, few Americans are able to achieve this goal. Identifying challenges in meeting these guidelines is integral for successful compliance. This analysis examined patterns and amount of daily sodium intake among participants with metabolic syndrome enrolled in a one-year dietary intervention study. Methods Two hundred forty participants with metabolic syndrome enrolled in a dietary intervention trial to lose weight and improve dietary quality. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected at each visit which provided meal patterns and nutrient data, including sodium intake. A secondary data analysis was conducted to examine sodium consumption patterns at baseline and at one-year study visits. Sodium consumption patterns over time were examined using linear mixed models. Results The percentage of meals reported eaten in the home at both baseline and one-year follow-up was approximately 69%. Follow-up for the one-year dietary intervention revealed that the participants who consumed sodium greater than 2,300?mg/d declined from 75% (at baseline) to 59%, and those that consumed higher than 1,500?mg/d declined from 96% (at baseline) to 85%. Average sodium intake decreased from 2,994?mg at baseline to 2,558?mg at one-year (P-lt;-.001), and the sodium potassium ratio also decreased from 1.211 to 1.047 (P-lt;-.001). Sodium intake per meal varied significantly by meal type, location, and weekday, with higher intake at dinner, in restaurants, and on weekends. At-home lunch and dinner sodium intake decreased (P-lt;-.05), while dinner sodium intake at restaurant/fast food chains increased from baseline to one-year (P-lt;-.05). Conclusion Sodium intake for the majority of participants exceeded the recommended dietary guidelines. Findings support actions that encourage low-sodium food preparation at home and encourage public health policies that decrease sodium in restaurants and prepared foods.