Rac1 GTPase-deficient HeLa cells present reduced DNA repair, proliferation, and survival under UV or gamma irradiation

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• 作者：Gisele Espinha ; Juliana H. Osaki ; Yuli T. Magalhaes…
• 关键词：Small Rho GTPases ; Rac1 GTPase ; DNA damage response and repair ; HeLa cells ; UV and gamma radiation
• 刊名：Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：404
• 期：1-2
• 页码：281-297
• 全文大小：3,336 KB
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• 作者单位：Gisele Espinha (1)
  Juliana H. Osaki (1)
  Yuli T. Magalhaes (1)
  Fabio Luis Forti (1)
  
  1. Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - Bl.09i, Sl.922, Cidade Universitária, S?o Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-900, Brazil
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Biochemistry
  Medical Biochemistry
  Oncology
  Cardiology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-4919

文摘

Rac1 GTPase controls essential cellular functions related to the cytoskeleton, such as motility and adhesion. Rac1 is overexpressed in many tumor cells, including breast cancers, where it is also involved in the proliferation and checkpoint control necessary for the cell’s recovery after exposure to ionizing radiation. However, its role in DNA damage and repair remains obscure in other tumor cells and under different genotoxic conditions. Here, we compare HeLa cells with mutants exogenously expressing a dominant-negative Rac1 (HeLa-Rac1-N17) by their responses to DNA damage induced by gamma or UV radiation. In HeLa cells, these treatments led to increased levels of active Rac1 (Rac1-GTP) and of stress fibers, with a diminished ability to migrate compared to untreated cells. However, the reduction of Rac1-GTP in Rac1-N17-deficient clones resulted in much higher levels of polymerized stress fibers accompanied by a strong impairment of cell migration, even after both radiation treatments. With regard to proliferation and genomic stability, dominant-negative Rac1 cells were more sensitive to gamma and UV radiation, exhibiting reduced proliferation and survival consistent with increased DNA damage and delayed or reduced DNA repair observed in this Rac1-deficient clone. The DNA damage response, as indicated by pH2AX and pChk1 levels, was increased in HeLa cells but was not effectively triggered in the Rac1-N17 clone after radiation treatment, which is likely the main cause of DNA damage accumulation. These data suggest that Rac1 GTPase plays an important role in signaling and contributes to the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells under UV or gamma radiation treatments.