Petrosal and Bony Labyrinth Morphology Supports Paraphyly of Elephantulus Within Macroscelididae (Mammalia, Afrotheria)

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• 作者：Julien Benoit (1)
  Nick Crumpton (2)
  Samuel Merigeaud (3)
  Rodolphe Tabuce (1)
  
• 关键词：Petrosal ; Bony labyrinth ; Macroscelididae ; Phylogeny ; Elephantulus ; ‘Panelephantulus-/li>
• 刊名：Journal of Mammalian Evolution
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：21
• 期：2
• 页码：173-193
• 全文大小：
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• 作者单位：Julien Benoit (1)
  Nick Crumpton (2)
  Samuel Merigeaud (3)
  Rodolphe Tabuce (1)
  
  1. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution UMR-CNRS 5554, cc064, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France
  2. Mammal Evolution and Morphology Group, University Museum of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
  3. Clinique du Parc de Castelnau-Le-Lez Service d’Imagerie médicale, 50 Rue Emile Combes, 34170, Castelnau-le-Lez, France
  
• ISSN：1573-7055

文摘

Interest in the phylogeny of Macroscelididae (sengis or elephant shrews) has been prompted by molecular studies indicating that Elephantulus rozeti is best placed as the sister group of Petrodromus tetradactylus (this clade being in turn the sister taxon to Macroscelides proboscideus) than among other species of the genus Elephantulus. Until now, no discrete morphological characters have been proposed to support the grouping of E. rozeti, Petrodromus, and Macroscelides into this single so-called ‘Panelephantulus-clade. Here, we employed μCT scanning in order to investigate the petrosal and bony labyrinth (bony capsule of the inner ear) morphology of most species of extant Macroscelididae. We performed a cladistic analysis on ear traits and found that despite some convergences (e.g., concerning the bony arterial canals in Macroscelides and Rhynchocyon) the middle and inner ear morphology furnishes significant support for the ‘Panelephantulus-clade. In our analysis, this clade is unambigously supported by the presence of a fully ossified stapediofacial tube. Two additional characters (the presence of a bony septum at the mouth of the fenestra cochleae dividing the D3 sinus into two distinct cavities and the absence of an accessory lateral pneumatic fossa) could also support ‘Panelephantulus.-These newly discovered morphological characters support the molecular phylogenies published and highlight the importance of coding hitherto difficult to sample morphologies within cladistic analyses using micro-CT techniques. Taxonomic implications are briefly discussed.