参考文献:1. Karasek RA: Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. / Administrative Science Quarterly. 1979, / 24:285-08. CrossRef 2. Belkic KL, Landsbergis PA, Schnall PL, Baker D: Is job strain a major source of cardiovascular disease risk? / Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. 2004, / 30:85-28. 3. Cooper CL, Payne R: / Causes, Coping and Consequences of Stress at Work. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 1988. 4. Collins SM, Karasek RA, Costas K: Job strain and autonomic indices of cardiovascular disease risk. / American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2005, / 48:182-93. CrossRef 5. Steptoe A, Cropley M, Griffith J, Kirschbaum C: Job strain and anger expression predict early morning elevations in salivary cortisol. / Psychosomatic Medicine. 2000, / 62:286-92. 6. Hemingway H, Marmot M: Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: Systematic review of prospective cohort studies. / British Medical Journal. 1999, / 318:1460-467. 7. Schnall PL, Landsbergis PA, Baker D: Job strain and cardiovascular disease. / Annual Review of Public Health. 1994, / 15:381-11. CrossRef 8. Kivim?ki M, Leino-Arjas P, Luukkonen R, et al.: Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: Prospective cohort study of industrial employees. / British Medical Journal. 2002, / 325:857-60. CrossRef 9. Lee S, Colditz G, Berkman L, Kawachi I: A prospective study of job strain and coronary heart disease in us women. / International Journal of Epidemiology. 2002, / 31:1147-153. CrossRef 10. Eaker ED, Sullivan LM, Kelly-Hayes M, D’Agostino SRB, Benjamin EJ: Does job strain increase the risk for coronary heart disease or death in men and women? The Framingham offspring study. / American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004, / 159:950-58. CrossRef 11. Falls DL: Neuregulins: Functions, forms, and signaling strategies. / Experimental Cell Research. 2003, / 284:14-0. CrossRef 12. Garratt AN, ?zcelik C, Birchmeier C: Erbb2 pathways in heart and neural diseases. / Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2003, / 13:80-6. CrossRef 13. Zhao JJ, Lemke G: Selective disruption of neuregulin-1 function in vertebrate embryos using ribozyme-trna transgenes. / Developmental Psychology. 1998, / 125:1899-907. 14. Zhao Y, Sawyer DR, Baliga RR, et al.: Neuregulins promote survival and growth of cardiac myocytes: Persistence of erbb2 and erbb4 expression in neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. / The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1998, / 273:10261-0269. CrossRef 15. Lemmens K, Fransen P, Sys SU, Brutsaert DL, De Keulenaer GW: Neuregulin-1 induces a negative inotropic effect in cardiac muscle: Role of nitric oxide synthase. / Circulation. 2004, / 109:324-26. CrossRef 16. Dimsdale JE, Mills P, Patterson T, Ziegler M, Dillon E: Effects of chronic stress on beta-adrenergic receptors in the homeless. / Psychosomatic Medicine. 1994, / 56:290-95. 17. Kawashima S, Yokoyama M: Dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and atherosclerosis. / Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004, / 24:998-005. CrossRef 18. Panutsopulos D, Arvanitis DL, Tsatsanis C, et al.: Expression of heregulin in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. / Journal of Vascular Research. 2005, / 42:463-74. CrossRef 19. Britsch S, Li L, Kirchhoff S, et al.: The erbb2 and erbb3 receptors and their ligand, neuregulin-1, are essential for development of the sympathetic nervous system. / Genes and Development. 1998, / 12:1825-836. CrossRef 20. Okoshi K, Nakayama M, Yan X, et al.: Neuregulins regulate cardiac parasympathetic activity: Muscarinic modulation of β-adrenergic activity in myocytes from mice with neuregulin-1 gene deletion. / Circulation. 2004, / 110: 713-17. CrossRef 21. McEwen BS: Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. / The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998, / 338:171-79. CrossRef 22. O’Leary DH, Polak JF: Intima-media thickness: A tool for atherosclerosis imaging and event prediction. / The American Journal of Cardiology. 2002, / 90(Suppl.):10. 23. Simon A, Gariepy J, Chironi G, Megnien J-L, Levenson J: Intima-media thickness: A new tool for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk. / Journal of Hypertension. 2002, / 20:159-69. CrossRef 24. Hintsanen M, Kivim?ki M, Elovainio M, et al.: Job strain and early atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. / Psychosomatic Medicine. 2005, / 67:740-47. CrossRef 25. ?kerblom HK, Uhari M, Pesonen E, et al.: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns. / Annals of Medicine. 1991, / 23:35-9. 26. Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Hutri-K?h?nen N, et al.: The 21-year follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study: Risk factor levels, secular trends and east-west difference. / Journal of Internal Medicine. 2004, / 255:457-68. CrossRef 27. Livak KJ: Allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and the 5-nuclease assay. / Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering. 1999, / 14:143-49. CrossRef 28. Stefansson H, Sarginson J, Kong A, et al.: Association of neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia confirmed in a Scottish population. / American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003, / 72:83-7. CrossRef 29. Elo A-L, Lepp?nen A, Lindstr?m K, Ropponen T: / Miten K?yt?t Ty?stressikysely? (Ty?terveyshuolto 17). Helsinki, Finland: Ty?terveyslaitos, 1990. 30. Elo A-L: Assessment of mental stress factors at work. In Zenz C, Dickerson OB, Horvath EP (eds), / Occupational Medicine. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994, 945-59. 31. Elo A-L, Lepp?nen A, Lindstr?m K, Ropponen T: / Occupational Stress Questionnaire: User’s Instruction (Reviews 19). Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1992. 32. Karasek RA: / Job Content Questionnaire and User’s Guide. Revision 1.1. Los Angeles: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern Los Angeles, 1985. 33. Landsbergis PA, Schnall PL, Warren K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE: Association between ambulatory blood pressure and alternative formulations of job strain. / Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. 1994, / 20:349-63. 34. Green KL, Johnson JV: The effects of psychosocial work organization on patterns of cigarette smoking among male chemical plant employees. / American Journal of Public Health. 1990, / 80:1368-371. CrossRef 35. Blumenthal JA, Burg MM, Barefoot J, et al.: Social support, type A behavior, and coronary artery disease. / Psychosomatic Medicine. 1987, / 49:331-40. 36. Raitakari OT, Juonala M, K?honen M, et al.: Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. / The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003, / 290:2277-283. CrossRef 37. Kivim?ki M, Lawlor DA, Juonala M, et al.: Lifecourse socioeconomic position, c-reactive protein, and carotid intima-media thickness in young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. / Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 2005, / 25:2197-202. CrossRef 38. Dinenno FA, Jones PP, Seals DR, Tanaka H: Age-associated arterial wall thickening is related to elevations in sympathetic activity in healthy humans. / American Journal of Physiology—Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2000, / 278:1205-210. 39. Theorell T, Karasek RA: Current issues relating to psychosocial job strain and cardiovascular disease research. / Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 1996, / 1:9-6. CrossRef 40. Lundberg U, Frankenhaeuser M: Stress and workload of men and women in high-ranking positions. / Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 1999, / 4:142-51. CrossRef 41. Hall EM: Double exposure: The combined impact of the home and work environments on psychosomatic strain in Swedish women and men. / International Journal of Health Services. 1992, / 22:239-60. CrossRef 42. Bello N, Mosca L: Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in women. / Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2004, / 46:287-95. CrossRef 43. Lin H-F, Liu YL, Liu CM, et al.: Neuregulin 1 gene and variations in perceptual a berration of schizotypal personality in adolescents. / Psychological Medicine. 2005, / 35:1589-598. CrossRef 44. Green EK, Raybould R, Macgregor S, et al.: Operation of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene, neuregulin 1, across traditional diagnostic boundaries to increase risk for bipolar disorder. / Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005, / 62:642-48. CrossRef 45. Go RCP, Perry RT, Wiener H, et al.: Neuregulin-1 polymorphism in late onset alzheimer’s disease families with psychoses. / American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics). 2005, / 139:28-2. 46. Stefansson H, Sigurdsson E, Steinthorsdottir V, et al.: Neuregulin 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. / American Journal of Human Genetics. 2002, / 71:877-92. CrossRef 47. Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Paz MF, et al.: Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins. / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2005, / 26:10604-0609. CrossRef 48. Keltikangas-J?rvinen L, Puttonen S, Kivim?ki M, et al.: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene haplotypes modify the effect of hostile childhood environment on adulthood harm avoidance. / Genes, Brain and Behavior (in press, 2006).
作者单位:Mirka Hintsanen Ph.D. (1) Marko Elovainio Ph.D. (1) (2) Sampsa Puttonen Ph.D. (1) Mika Kivim?ki Ph.D. (1) (3) Olli T. Raitakari M.D., Ph.D. (4) Terho Lehtim?ki M.D., Ph.D. (5) Riika Rontu Ph.D. (5) Markus Juonala M.D., Ph.D. (6) Mika K?h?nen M.D., Ph.D. (7) Jorma Viikari M.D., Ph.D. (8) Liisa Keltikang as-J?rvinen Ph.D. (1)
1. Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland 2. National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Finland 3. International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK 4. Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Finland 5. Laboratory of Ather osclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, the Medical School University of Tampere and Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland 6. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku, Finland 7. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland 8. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
文摘
Background: Although it is known that a given level of strain does not induce a corresponding CHD risk in all individuals, factors that predict groups at risk have remained unclear. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) has various roles in the development and function of the heart and autonomic nervous system.Purpose: We examined whether polymorphic variation in NRG-1 moderates the association between job strain and early atherosclerosis.Methods: The participants (Mage=32.5) were 349 women and 357 men derived from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Job strain was defined as the joint effect of job demands and job control. Preclinical atherosclerosis was measured using carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) ultrasound.Results: NRG-1 single nucleotide polymorphism SNP8NRG221533 (T to C) was found to moderate the association between job strain and IMT in men (p=.04). Job strain was significantly associated with increased IMT among men with T/T genotype but not among the others. A direct association between NRG-1 and IMT was found in women.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the effect of job strain on early ather osclerosis is dependent on NRG-1 genotype in men. Gene×Environment Interaction approach seems to offer important additional information in stress research.