Modern and relict foraminiferal biofacies from a carbonate ramp, offshore Kuwait, northwest Persian Gulf

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• 作者：Justin H. Parker ; Eberhard Gischler
• 关键词：Foraminifera ; Persian Gulf ; Carbonate ramp ; Biodiversity ; Analogue model ; Shallow sea
• 刊名：Facies
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：61
• 期：3
• 全文大小：2,221 KB
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• 作者单位：Justin H. Parker (1) (2)
  Eberhard Gischler (3)
  
  1. Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Western, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
  3. Institut für Geowissenschaften, J.W. Goethe-Universit?t, Altenhoeferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Sedimentology
  Biogeosciences
  Geochemistry
  Paleontology
  Ecology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1612-4820

文摘

Benthic foraminifera on the northern Persian Gulf carbonate ramp are excellent indicators of the depositional environment. They are moderately diverse, vary in distribution along a depth gradient, and are used to subdivide the ramp of offshore Kuwait. The inner ramp is characterized by a Peneroplis-em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Elphidium crispum assemblage (<5?m water depth); the mid ramp may be subdivided into a shallower miliolid assemblage (~5.5?m water depth) and a deeper miliolid-Elphidium assemblage (11-8?m); the outer ramp (>18?m) comprises mainly an Asterorotalia-em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Elphidium assemblage, and the Elphidium-em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Nonion assemblage. The change from the (porcelaneous-dominated) miliolid mid to (hyaline-dominated) Asterorotalia outer ramp assemblages corresponds with a change in biofacies from clast-supported to mud-supported and the summer thermocline. Agglutinated forms are most common in intermediate depths of 5.5-6?m. Depositional energy, substrate, and possibly temperature are the major factors controlling foraminiferal distribution. Preservation stages include pristine, slightly and heavily damaged, relict, and reworked specimens. Foraminiferal distributions do show general similarities to the Cenozoic carbonate ramp models, however larger benthic foraminifera are rare. Despite these limitations, foraminiferal distribution patterns in the northern Persian Gulf may serve as useful modern analogues for carbonate ramp deposits in shallow marginal and epicontinental seas in the fossil record.