Exposure to respirable dust and manganese and prevalence of airways symptoms, among Swedish mild steel welders in the manufacturing industry
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Maria Hedmer (1)
Jan-Eric Karlsson (1)
Ulla Andersson (1)
Helene Jacobsson (2)
J?rn Nielsen (1)
H?kan Tinnerberg (1) - 关键词：Welding ; Respirable dust ; Manganese ; Symptoms ; Occupational exposure ; Mild steel
- 刊名：International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：August 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：87
- 期：6
- 页码：623-634
- 全文大小：281 KB
- 参考文献：1. Antonini JM (2003) Health effects of welding. Crit Rev Toxicol 33:61-03 CrossRef
2. Antonini JM, Santamaria AB, Jenkins NT, Albini E, Lucchini R (2006) Fate of manganese associated with the inhalation of welding fumes: potential neurological effects. Neurotoxicology 27:304-10 CrossRef
3. Beckett WS (1996) Industries associated with respiratory diseases. In: Harber P, Schenker MB, Balmes JR (eds) Welding: occupational and environmental respiratory diseases. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 704-17
4. Blomqvist A, Duzakin-Nystedt M, Ohlson CG, Andersson L, J?nsson B, Nielsen J, Welinder H (2005) Airways symptoms, immunological response and exposure in powder painting. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 78:123-31 CrossRef
5. Boelter FW, Simmons CE, Berman L, Scheff P (2009) Two-zone model application to breathing zone and area welding fume concentration data. J Occup Environ Hyg 6:298-06 CrossRef
6. Boojar MM, Goodarz F (2002) A longitudinal follow-up of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to manganese. J Occup Environ Med 44:282-90 CrossRef
7. Bowler RM, Roels HA, Nakagawa S, Drezgic M, Diamond E, Park R et al (2007) Dose-effect relationships between manganese exposure and neurological, neuropsychological and pulmonary function in confined space bridge welders. Occup Environ Med 64:167-77 CrossRef
8. Drexler H, Schaller KH, Nielsen J, Weber A, Weihrauch M, Welinder H, Skerfving S (1999) Efficacy of measures of hygiene in workers sensitised to acid anhydrides and the influence of selection bias on the results. Occup Environ Med 56:202-05 CrossRef
9. Ellingsen DG, Dubeikovskaya L, Dahl K, Chashchin M, Chashchin V, Zibarev E, Thomassen Y (2006) Air exposure assessment and biological monitoring of manganese and other major welding fume components in welders. J Environ Monit 8:1078-086 CrossRef
10. Ewing W, Harris M (2005) Manganese and welding fume. The AIH Diplomate, issue 05-
11. Ferris BG (1978) Epidemiology standardization project (American thoracic society). Am Rev Respir Dis 118:1-20
12. Fitsanakis VA, Au C, Erikson KM, Aschner M (2006) The effects of manganese on glutamate, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid regulation. Neurochem Int 48:426-33 CrossRef
13. Flynn MR, Susi P (2010) Manganese, iron, and total particulate exposures to welders. J Occup Environ Hyg 7:115-26 CrossRef
14. Flynn MR, Susi P (2012) Local exhaust ventilation for the control of welding fumes in the construction industry—a literature review. Ann Occup Hyg 56:764-76 CrossRef
15. Furbee B (2011) Welding and parkinsonism. Neurol Clin 29:623-40 CrossRef
16. Goller JW, Paik NW (1985) A comparison of iron oxide fume inside and outside of welding helmets. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 46:89-3 CrossRef
17. Han D-H (2002) Correlations between workplace protection factors and fit factors for filtering facepieces in the welding workplace. Ind Health 40:328-34 CrossRef
18. Hobson A, Seixas N, Sterling D, Racette BS (2011) Estimation of particulate mass and manganese exposure levels among welders. Ann Occup Hyg 55:113-25 CrossRef
19. HSE (2006) Exposure measurement: air sampling. COSHH essentials general guidance G409. Health and safety executive, London. Available as http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/guidance/g409.pdf. Accessed 27 Nov 2012
20. IARC (1990) Monographs on evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 49: chromium, nickel and welding. IARC Press, Lyon, France
21. Isaxon C, Dierschke K, Pagels J, L?ndahl J et al (2013) A novel system for source characterization and controlled human exposure to nanoparticle aggregates generated during gas–metal arc welding. Aerosol Sci Technol 47:52-9 CrossRef
22. IVL Svenska Milj?institutet AB (2006) Krom och mangan vid svetsning—exponering och behov av ?tg?rder. IVL Rapport B1675. [Swedish Environmental Research Institute (2006) Chromium and manganese during welding–exposure and need of measures]
23. Janssen LL, Nelson TJ, Cuta KT (2007) Workplace protection factors for an N95 filtering facepiece respirator. J Occup Environ Hyg 4:698-07 CrossRef
24. J?nsson LS, Nielsen J, Broberg K (2011) Gene expression analysis in induced sputum from welders with and without airway-related symptoms. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 84:105-13 CrossRef
25. J?nsson LS, Tinnerberg H, Jacobsson H, Andersson U, Axmon A, Nielsen J (2013) Exposure to particles and ocular symptoms in welders. A study of dose-response relationship. Int Arch Occup Environ Health (in preparation)
26. Klos KJ, Chandler M, Kumar N, Ahlskog JE, Josephs KA (2006) Neuropsychological profiles of manganese neurotoxicity. Eur J Neurol 13:1139-141 CrossRef
27. Korczynski RE (2000) Occupational health concerns in the welding industry. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 15:936-45 CrossRef
28. Larsson B, Karlsson J-E, Nielsen J (2007) Respiratory and ocular symptoms in workers exposed to potassium aluminium-tetrafluoride soldering flux. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 80:627-33 CrossRef
29. Lehnert M, Pesch B, Lotz A et al (2012) Exposure to inhalable, respirable, and ultrafine particles in welding fume. Ann Occup Hyg 56:557-67
30. Liu SA, Hammond SK, Rappaport SM (2011) Statistical modeling to determine sources of variability in exposures to welding fumes. Ann Occup Hyg 55:305-18 CrossRef
31. Meeker JD, Susi P, Flynn MR (2007) Manganese and welding fume exposure and control in construction. J Occup Environ Hyg 4:943-51 CrossRef
32. Nemery B (1990) Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. Eur Respir J 3:202-19
33. Peretz C, Goldberg P, Kahan E, Grady S, Goren A (1997) The variability of exposure over time: a prospective longitudinal study. Ann Occup Hyg 41:485-00 CrossRef
34. Rappaport SM, Weaver M, Taylor D et al (1999) Application of mixed models to assess exposures monitored by construction workers during hot processes. Ann Occup Hyg 43:457-69 CrossRef
35. Roels H, Lauwerys R, Buchet JP, Genet P, Sarhan MJ, Hanotiau I, de Fays M, Bernard A, Stanescu D (1987) Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices. Am J Ind Med 11:307-27 CrossRef
36. Sari? M, Piasek M (2000) Environmental exposure to manganese and combined exposure to gaseous upper respiratory irritants: mechanism of action and adverse health effects. Rev Environ Health 15:413-19
37. Schoonover T, Conroy L, Lacey S, Plavka J (2011) Personal exposure to metal fume, NO2, and O3 among production welders and non-welders. Ind Health 49:63-2 CrossRef
38. Sferlazza SJ, Beckett WS (1991) The respiratory health of welders. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:1134-148 CrossRef
39. Sharifian SA, Loukzadeh Z, Shojaoddiny-Ardekani A, Aminian O (2011) Pulmonary adverse effects of welding fume in automobile assembly welders. Acta Med Iran 49:98-02
40. Smargiassi A, Baldwin M, Savard S, Kennedy G, Mergler D, Zayed J (2000) Assessment of exposure to manganese in welding operations during the assembly of heavy excavation machinery accessories. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 15:746-50 CrossRef
41. Susi P, Goldberg M, Barnes P et al (2000) The use of a task-based exposure assessment model (T-BEAM) for assessment of metal fume exposures during welding and thermal cutting. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 15:26-8 CrossRef
42. Swedish Work Environment Authority (2011) AFS 2011:18. Occupational exposure limits, Stockholm
43. Taube F (2013) Manganese in occupational arc welding fumes–aspects on physicochemical properties, with focus on solubility. Ann Occup Hyg 57:6-5 CrossRef
44. Temel O, Sakar Co?kun A, Yaman N, Sario?lu N, Alka? C, Konyar I, Ozgen Alpaydin A, Celik P, Cengiz Ozyurt B, Keskin E, Yorgancio?lu A (2010) Occupational asthma in welders and painters. Tuberk Toraks 58:64-0
45. Wallace M, Shulman S, Sheehy J (2001) Comparing exposure levels by type of welding operation and evaluating the effectiveness of fume extraction guns. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 16:771-79 CrossRef
46. Wambach PF (2002) Variation in exposure levels for high hazard frequently monitored agents. AIHA J 63:421-29 CrossRef
47. Wastensson G, S?llsten G, Bast-Pettersen R, Barregard L (2012) Neuromotor function in ship welders after cessation of manganese exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 85:703-13 CrossRef
48. Wolf C, Pirich C, Valic E, Waldhoer T (1997) Pulmonary function and symptoms of welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69:350-53 CrossRef
49. Zeidler-Erdely PC, Erdely A, Antonini JM (2012) Immunotoxicology of arc welding fume: worker and experimental animal studies. J Immunotoxicol 9:411-25 CrossRef
50. Zimmer AT, Biswas P (2001) Characterization of the aerosols resulting from arc welding processes. J Aerosol Sci 32:993-008 CrossRef - 作者单位：Maria Hedmer (1)
Jan-Eric Karlsson (1)
Ulla Andersson (1)
Helene Jacobsson (2)
J?rn Nielsen (1)
H?kan Tinnerberg (1)
1. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
2. Competence Centre for Clinical Research, Sk?ne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden - ISSN：1432-1246
文摘
Purpose Welding fume consists of metal fumes, e.g., manganese (Mn) and gases, e.g., ozone. Particles in the respirable dust (RD) size range dominate. Exposure to welding fume could cause short- and long-term respiratory effects. The prevalence of work-related symptoms among mild steel welders was studied, and the occupational exposure to welding fumes was quantified by repeated measurements of RD, respirable Mn, and ozone. Also the variance components were studied. Method A questionnaire concerning airway symptoms and occupational history was answered by 79?% of a cohort of 484 welders. A group of welders (N?=?108) were selected and surveyed by personal?exposure measurements of RD and ozone three times during 1?year. Results The welders had a high frequency of work-related symptoms, e.g., stuffy nose (33?%), ocular symptoms (28?%), and dry cough (24?%). The geometric mean exposure to RD and respirable Mn was 1.3?mg/m3 (min–max 0.1-8.3?mg/m3) and 0.08?mg/m3 (min–max 3), respectively. More than 50?% of the Mn concentrations exceeded the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL). Mainly, low concentrations of ozone were measured, but 2?% of the samples exceeded the OEL. Of the total variance for RD, 30 and 33?% can be attributed to within-worker variability and between-company variability, respectively. Conclusions Welders had a high prevalence of work-related symptom from the airways and eyes. The welders-exposure to Mn was unacceptably high. To reduce the exposure further, control measures in the welding workshops are needed. Correct use of general mechanical ventilation and local exhaust ventilation can, for example, efficiently reduce the exposure.