Conduit margin heating and deformation during the AD 1886 basaltic Plinian eruption at Tarawera volcano, New Zealand

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• 作者：Jenny Schauroth ; Fabian B. Wadsworth ; Ben Kennedy…
• 关键词：Pyroclastic dyke ; Volcanic conduit ; Magma–rock interaction ; Strain localisation ; Wall rock heating
• 刊名：Bulletin of Volcanology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：78
• 期：2
• 全文大小：12,238 KB
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• 作者单位：Jenny Schauroth (1)
  Fabian B. Wadsworth (1)
  Ben Kennedy (2)
  Felix W. von Aulock (3)
  Yan Lavallée (3)
  David E. Damby (1)
  Jérémie Vasseur (1)
  Bettina Scheu (1)
  Donald B. Dingwell (1)
  
  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
  2. Department of Geology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
  3. School of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
  
• 刊物主题：Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy; Mineralogy; Sedimentology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0819

文摘

During explosive eruptions, a suspension of gas and pyroclasts rises rapidly within a conduit. Here, we have analysed textures preserved in the walls of a pyroclastic feeder dyke of the AD 1886 Tarawera basaltic Plinian fissure eruption. The samples examined consist of basaltic ash and scoria plastered onto a conduit wall of a coherent rhyolite dome and a welded rhyolitic dome breccia. We examine the textural evidence for the response of the wall material, built of ∼75 vol.% glass and ∼25 vol.% crystals (pore-free equivalent), to mass movement in the adjacent conduit. In the rhyolitic wall material, we quantify the orientation and aspect ratio of biotite crystals as strain markers of simple shear deformation, and interpret juxtaposed regions of vesiculation and vesicle collapse as evidence of conduit wall heating. Systematic changes occur close to the margin: (1) porosity is highly variable, with areas locally vesiculated or densified, (2) biotite crystals are oriented with their long axis parallel to the margin, (3) the biotites have greater aspect ratios close to the margin and (4) the biotite crystals are fractured. We interpret the biotite phenocryst deformation to result from crystal fracture, rotation and cleavage-parallel bookcase translation. These textural observations are inferred to indicate mechanical coupling between the hot gas-ash jet and the conduit wall and reheating of wall rock rhyolite. We couple these observations with a simple 1D conductive heating model to show what minimum temperature the conduit wall needs to reach in order to achieve a temperature above the glass transition throughout the texturally-defined deformed zone. We propose that conduit wall heating and resulting deformation influences conduit margin outgassing and may enhance the intensity of such large basaltic eruptions. Keywords Pyroclastic dyke Volcanic conduit Magma–rock interaction Strain localisation Wall rock heating