Identifying Reference Conditions and Quantifying Biological Variability Within Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Perennial and Non-perennial Northern California Streams
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- 作者：Kevin B. Lunde (1)
Matthew R. Cover (2)
Raphael D. Mazor (3)
Christopher A. Sommers (4)
Vincent H. Resh (1) - 关键词：Bioassessment ; Biological indices ; Inter ; annual variability ; Spatial variability ; Reference condition ; Multimetric index ; Mediterranean ; Hydrology ; Ecoregion
- 刊名：Environmental Management
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：June 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：51
- 期：6
- 页码：1262-1273
- 全文大小：451KB
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Matthew R. Cover (2)
Raphael D. Mazor (3)
Christopher A. Sommers (4)
Vincent H. Resh (1)
1. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
2. Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle Turlock, Turlock, CA, 95382, USA
3. Department of Biology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Boulevard Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 90814, USA
4. EOA, Inc., 1410 Jackson St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA - ISSN：1432-1009
文摘
Identification of minimally disturbed reference sites is a critical step in developing precise and informative ecological indicators. We tested procedures to select reference sites, and quantified natural variation (inter-site and -annual variability) among reference conditions using a macroinvertebrate data set collected from 429 mediterranean-climate stream reaches in the San Francisco Bay Area, California (USA). We determined that a landscape GIS-based stressor screen followed by a local field-based stressor screen effectively identified least-disturbed reference sites that, based on NMS ordination results, supported different biological communities than sites identified with only landscape (GIS) or local (field) stressors. An examination of least-disturbed reference sites indicated that inter-site variability was strongly associated with stream hydrology (i.e., perennial vs. non-perennial flow) and annual precipitation, which highlights the need to control for such variation when developing biological indicators through natural gradient modeling or using unique biological indicators for both non-perennial and perennial streams. Metrics were more variable among non-perennial streams, indicating that additional modeling may be needed to develop precise biological indicators for non-perennial streams. Among 192 sites sampled two to six times over the 8-year study period, the biological community showed moderate inter-annual variability, with the 100 point index of biotic integrity scores varying from 0 to 51 points (mean?=?11.5). Variance components analysis indicated that inter-annual variability explained only a fraction (5-8?%) of the total variation when compared against site-level variation; thus efforts to understand causes of natural variation between sites will produce more precise and accurate biological indicators.