Reconstruction of human exposure to heavy metals using synchrotron radiation microbeams in prehistoric and modern humans

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• 作者：Akio Koizumi (1)
  Miki Azechi (1) (2)
  Koyo Shirasawa (3)
  Norimitsu Saito (4)
  Kiyohide Saito (5)
  Nobuo Shigehara (6)
  Kazuhiro Sakaue (7)
  Yoshihiro Shimizu (8)
  Hisao Baba (9)
  Akira Yasutake (10)
  Kouji H. Harada (1)
  Takeo Yoshinaga (1) (11)
  Ari Ide-Ektessabi (3)
  
• 关键词：Enamel ; Synchrotron radiation microbeams ; Heavy metals ; Prehistoric ; Human
• 刊名：Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：January 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 页码：52-59
• 全文大小：304KB
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• 作者单位：Akio Koizumi (1)
  Miki Azechi (1) (2)
  Koyo Shirasawa (3)
  Norimitsu Saito (4)
  Kiyohide Saito (5)
  Nobuo Shigehara (6)
  Kazuhiro Sakaue (7)
  Yoshihiro Shimizu (8)
  Hisao Baba (9)
  Akira Yasutake (10)
  Kouji H. Harada (1)
  Takeo Yoshinaga (1) (11)
  Ari Ide-Ektessabi (3)
  
  1. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
  2. Ogaki Women’s College, Ogaki, 503-8554, Japan
  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
  4. Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, 020-0852, Japan
  5. Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Kashihara, Nara, 634-0065, Japan
  6. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan
  7. Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
  8. Center for Archaeological Operations, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
  9. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
  10. National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, 867-0008, Japan
  11. Yuhigaokagakuen Junior College, Osaka, 543-0073, Japan
  

文摘

Objective Teeth can serve as records of environmental exposure to heavy metals during their formation. We applied a new technology -synchrotron radiation microbeams (SRXRF) -for analysis of heavy metals in human permanent teeth in modern and historical samples. Methods Each tooth was cut in half. A longitudinal section?200?μm in thickness was subjected to the determination of the heavy metal content by SRXRF or conventional analytical methods (ICP-MS analysis or reduction–aeration atomic absorption spectrometry). The relative concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn measured by SRXRF were translated in concentrations (in g of heavy metal/g of enamel) using calibration curves by the two analytical methods. Results Concentrations in teeth in the modern females (n?=?5) were 1.2?±?0.5?μg/g (n?=?5) for Pb; 1.7?±?0.2?ng/g for Hg; 0.9?±?1.1?μg/g for Cu; 150?±?24.6?μg/g for Zn. The levels of Pb were highest in the teeth samples obtained from the humans of the Edo era (1603-868 ad) (0.5-.0?μg/g, n?=?4). No trend was observed in this study in the Hg content in teeth during 3,000?years. The concentrations of Cu were highest in teeth of two medieval craftsmen (57.0 and 220?μg/g). The levels of Zn were higher in modern subjects (P?<?0.05) than those in the Jomon (~1000 bc) to Edo periods [113.2?±?27.4 (μg/g, n?=?11)]. Reconstruction of developmental exposure history to lead in a famous court painter of the Edo period (18th?century) revealed high levels of Pb (7.1-2.0?μg/g) in his childhood. Conclusions SRXRF is useful a method for reconstructing human exposures in very long trends.