w/w. With this contribution, the quantification of water in chocolate using KF titration methods is now a simple, safe, and reliable process, comparable in terms of precision and accuracy to any commercially available KF coulometric apparatus." />
The Use of a Custom-Built Coulometric Karl Fischer Instrument for the Determination of Water Content in Chocolate
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  • 作者：Carrie M. Clippard ; Joseph C. Nichisti ; Rodney A. Kreuter…
  • 关键词：Food analysis ; Moisture content ; Water content ; Electrochemistry ; Karl Fischer ; Coulometry ; Coulometric titration
  • 刊名：Food Analytical Methods
  • 出版年：2015
  • 出版时间：April 2015
  • 年：2015
  • 卷：8
  • 期：4
  • 页码：929-936
  • 全文大小：410 KB
  • 参考文献：1. Afoakwa, EO (2010) Chocolate science and technology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444319880" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    2. Afoakwa, EO, Paterson, A, Fowler, M, Ryan, A (2008) Flavor formation and character in cocoa and chocolate: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 48: pp. 840-857 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390701719272" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    3. AOAC Method 977.10. Moisture in cacao products, Final Action 1979 AOAC International (2006)
    4. Bailey, SD, Mitchell, DG, Bazinet, ML, Weurman, C (1962) Studies on the volatile components of different varieties of cocoa beans. J Food Sci 27: pp. 165-170 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00076.x" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    5. Basantia, NC, Rai, T (1999) Standardisation of visual Karl-Fischer titration method for moisture determination in butter. J Food Sci Technol 36: pp. 74-77
    6. Beckett, ST, Harding, J, Freedman, B (2008) The science of chocolate. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
    7. Boyd, EN, Keeney, PN, Patton, S (1965) The measurement of monocarbonyl classes in cocoa beans and chocolate liquor with special reference to flavor. J Food Sci 30: pp. 854-859 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01853.x" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    8. Bruttel P, Schlink R (2006) Water determination by Karl Fischer Titration. Monograph, Metrohm Ltd, Herisau 8-026.5013-2006-02:80
    9. Cachet, T, Hoogmartens, J (1988) The determination of water in erythromycin by Karl Fischer titration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 6: pp. 461-472 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(88)80013-X" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    10. Cedergren, A (1996) Determination of kinetics of the Karl Fischer reaction based on coulometry and true potentiometry. Anal Chem 68: pp. 784-791 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac950552d" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    11. Dantan, N, Frenzel, W, Küppers, S (2000) Determination of water traces in various organic solvents using Karl Fischer method under FIA conditions. Talanta 52: pp. 101-109 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00328-3" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    12. DeCaro, CA, Aichert, A, Walter, CM (2001) Efficient, precise and fast water determination by the Karl Fischer titration. Food Control 12: pp. 431-436 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00020-2" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    13. Dominguez, VC, McDonald, CR, Johnson, M, Schunk, D, Kreuter, R, Sykes, D, Wigton, BT, Chohan, BS (2010) The characterization of a custom-built coulometric Karl Fischer titration apparatus. J Chem Educ 87: pp. 987-991 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed9000156" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    14. EMD Millipore Corporation: Water in chocolate (2011), Merck KGaA, Germany
    15. Fisher, K (1935) Neues Verfahren zur ma?analytischen Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes von Flüssigkeiten und festen K?rpern. Angew Chem 48: pp. 394-396 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19350482605" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    16. Gallina, A, Stocco, N, Mutinelli, F (2010) Karl Fischer titration to determine moisture in honey: a new simplified approach. Food Control 21: pp. 942-944 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.11.008" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    17. Grünke, S (2001) Main and side reactions in the Karl Fischer solution. Food Control 12: pp. 419-426 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00048-2" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
    18. Grünke, S, Wünsch, G (2000) Kinetics and stoichiometry in the Karl Fischer solution. Fresenius J Anal Chem 368: pp. 139-147 <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000444" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRefa>
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    21. Isengard, HD (2006) Karl Fischer titration, a selective method for determining water in food. J Agroaliment Process
  • 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
  • 刊物主题：Chemistry
    Food Science
    Chemistry
    Microbiology
    Analytical Chemistry
  • 出版者：Springer New York
  • ISSN：1936-976X
文摘
A Karl Fischer (KF) coulometric titration method was designed and optimized for the quantitative determination of water in chocolate. A number of essential KF experimental parameters were investigated and assessed, including a study of polar extraction solvents, extraction times, interfering side reactions, and a comparison of pyridine-free KF coulometric reagents. The optimized protocol was found to be applicable to a wide variety of chocolate samples. Typical coulometric titration times for the chocolate samples were between 1 and 5?min, translating to water contents from 0.18 to 0.38?%-em class="a-plus-plus">w/w. With this contribution, the quantification of water in chocolate using KF titration methods is now a simple, safe, and reliable process, comparable in terms of precision and accuracy to any commercially available KF coulometric apparatus.

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