Henry Granjon Prize Competition 2011
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Dr.- Ing. Arne Kromm (1)
- 关键词：Austenite ; Diffraction ; Martensite ; Residual stresses ; Transformation ; X rays
- 刊名：Welding in the World
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：September 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：56
- 期：9-10
- 页码：2-11
- 参考文献：1. Bhadeshia H.K.D.H.: Developments in martensitic and bainitic steels: Role of the shape deformation, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, vol. 378, no. 1鈥?, pp. 34鈥?9. CrossRef
2. Ohta A., Watanabe O., Matsuoka K., Siga C., Nishijima S., Maeda Y., Suzuki N. and Kubo T.: Fatigue strength improvement by using newly developed low transformation temperature welding material, Doc. IIW-1439, Welding in the World, 1999, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 38鈥?2.
3. Shiga C., Yasuda H.Y., Hiraoka K. and Suzuki H.: Effect of Ms temperature on residual stress in welded joints of high-strength steels, Doc. IIW-2008, Welding in the World, 2010, vol. 54, no. 3/4, pp. R71鈥揜79. CrossRef
4. Martinez-Diez F.: Development of a compressive residual stress field around a weld toe by means of phase transformations, Doc. IIW-1891, Welding in the World, 2008, vol. 52, no. 7/8, pp. 63鈥?8. CrossRef
5. Francis J.A., Kundu S., Bhadeshia H.K.D.H., Stone H.J., Rogge R.B., Withers P.J. and Karlsson L.: The effects of filler metal transformation temperature on residual stresses in a high strength steel weld intervening transformations, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2009, vol. 131, pp. 1鈥?5. CrossRef
6. Zenitani S., Hayakawa N., Yamamoto J., Hiraoka K., Shiga C., Morikage Y., Kubo T. and Yasuda K.: Prevention of cold cracking in high strength steel welds by applying newly developed low transformation-temperature welding consumables, 6th International Trends in Welding Research Conference Proceedings, 15鈥?9 April 2002, Pine Mountain, USA, ASM International, 2003, pp. 569鈥?74.
7. Eckerlid J., Nilsson T. and Karlsson L.: Fatigue properties of longitudinal attachments welded using low transformation temperature filler, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2003,, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 353鈥?59. CrossRef
8. Wang W., Huo L., Zhang Y., Wang D. and Jing H.: New Developed Welding Electrode for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2002, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 527鈥?31.
9. Kromm A., Kannengiesser Th., Altenkirch J. and Gibmeier J.: Residual stresses in multilayer welds with different martensitic transformation temperatures analyzed by high-energy Synchrotron diffraction, Materials Science Forum, 2011, vol. 681, pp. 37鈥?2. CrossRef
10. Elmer J.W., Wong J. and Ressler Th.: In-situ observations of phase transformations during solidification and cooling of austenitic stainless steel welds using time-resolved X-ray diffraction, Scripta Materialia, 2000, vol. 43, pp. 751鈥?55. CrossRef
11. Babu S.S., Elmer J.W., Vitek J.M. and David S.A.: Time-resolved X-ray diffraction investigation of primary weld solidification in Fe-C-Al-Mn steel welds, Acta Materialia, 2002, vol. 50, no. 19, pp. 4763鈥?781. CrossRef
12. Terasaki, H., Komizo, Y., Yonemura, M., Osuki, T.: Time-resolved analysis of phase evolution for the directional solidification of carbon steel weld metal, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1261鈥?266. CrossRef
13. Alexandrov B.T. and Lippold J.C: A new methodology for studying phase transformations in high strength steel weld metal, 7th International Trends in Welding Research Conference Proceedings, 16鈥?0 May 2005, Pine Mountain, USA, ASM International, 2006, pp. 975鈥?80.
14. Koistinen D.P. and Marburger R.E.: A general equation prescribing the extent of the austenite-martensite transformation in pure iron-carbon alloys and plain carbon steels, Acta Metallurgica, 1959, no. 7, pp. 59-60.
15. Chihosky R.A.: Expansion and stress around aluminum weld puddles, Welding Research Supplement, September, 1979, pp. 263-276.
16. Genzel Ch., Denks I.A., Gibmeier J., Klaus M. and Wagener G.: The materials science Synchrotron beamline EDDI for energy-dispersive diffraction analysis, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2007, A578, pp. 23鈥?3.
17. Warren A.P., Bate S.K., Charles R. and Watson C.T.: The effect of phase transformations on predicted values of residual stresses in welded ferritic components, Materials Science Forum, 2006, vols. 524鈥?25, pp. 827-832.
18. Laine E.: A high-speed determination of the volume fraction of ferrite in austenitic stainless steel by EDXRD, J. Phys. F: Metal Phys., 1978, no. 8, pp. 1343-1348.
19. Cullity B.D. and Stock S.R.: Elements of X-ray diffraction, 3rd ed., Upper Saddle River NJ, Prentice Hall, 2001, ISBN: 9780201610918.
20. Weiss R.J. and Tauer K.J.: Components of the thermodynamic functions of iron, Physical Review, 1956, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1490鈥?495. CrossRef
21. Darken L.S. and Smith R.P.: Thermodynamic functions of iron, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1951, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1816鈥?820. CrossRef
22. Macherauch E. and M眉ller P.: Das sin2蠄-Verfahren der r枚ntgenographischen Spannungsmessung, The sine2 蠄 method of radiographic stress measurement, Zeitschrift f眉r angewandte Physik, 1961, vol. 13, Heft 7, pp. 305鈥?12 (in German).
23. Noyan I.C. and Cohen J.B.: Residual stress 鈥?Measurement by diffraction and interpretation, Springer, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1987, ISBN 0-387-96378-2. - 作者单位：Dr.- Ing. Arne Kromm (1)
1. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany - ISSN：1878-6669
文摘
Controlling the level of mostly detrimental residual stresses already during the welding process would be highly attractive as time and cost consuming post processing may be prevented. Therefore, in this study, the approach using suitable alloy concepts with reduced phase transformation temperatures has been evaluated concerning the interactions between transformation temperature, transformation kinetics and resulting residual stresses. Ideal tools for observing these phenomena in-situ are diffraction techniques. For that purpose, a special setup was developed allowing for localized observation of phase transformation kinetics during a real welding process by energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction (EDXRD). In the present work, this setup was successfully applied for the first time in order to characterize a selection of alloys especially designed for residual stress control. The results demonstrate that in-process observation is highly suitable for characterizing and discussing phase transformation sensitive phenomena like residual stress formation. Furthermore, it was proven that residual stresses can be effectively controlled by means of an adjusted alloy design.