参考文献:1. Bos JL. Ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res. 1989;49:4682鈥?. 2. Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Nakano Y, et al. Prognostic implication of FLT3 and N-RAS gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 1999;93:3074鈥?0. 3. Bacher U, Haferlach T, Kern W, Haferlach C, Schnittger S. A comparative study of molecular mutations in 381 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and in 4130 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2007;92:744鈥?2. doi:10.3324/haematol.10869 . CrossRef 4. Tartaglia M, Mehler EL, Goldberg R, et al. Mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2001;29:465鈥?. doi:10.1038/ng772 . CrossRef 5. Cichowski K, Santiago S, Jardim M, Johnson BW, Jacks T. Dynamic regulation of the Ras pathway via proteolysis of the NF1 tumor suppressor. Genes Dev. 2003;17:449鈥?4. doi:10.1101/gad.1054703 . CrossRef 6. Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002;417:949鈥?4. doi:10.1038/nature00766 . CrossRef 7. Shannon K, Bollag G. Sending out an SOS. Nat Genet. 2007;39:8鈥?. doi:10.1038/ng0107-8 . CrossRef 8. Roberts AE, Araki T, Swanson KD, et al. Germline gain-of-function mutations in SOS1 cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007;39:70鈥?. doi:10.1038/ng1926 . CrossRef 9. Tartaglia M, Pennacchio LA, Zhao C, et al. Gain-of-function SOS1 mutations cause a distinctive form of Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007;39:75鈥?. doi:10.1038/ng1939 . CrossRef 10. Kratz CP, Niemeyer CM, Thomas C, et al. Mutation analysis of Son of sevenless in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2007;21:1108鈥?. 11. Swanson KD, Winter JM, Reis M, et al. SOS1 mutations are rare in human malignancies: implications for Noonan Syndrome patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008;47:253鈥?. doi:10.1002/gcc.20527 . CrossRef 12. Kiyoi H, Yamaji S, Kojima S, Naoe T. JAK3 mutations occur in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia both in Down syndrome children and non-Down syndrome adults. Leukemia. 2007;21:574鈥?. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404527 . CrossRef 13. Margarit SM, Sondermann H, Hall BE, et al. Structural evidence for feedback activation by Ras.GTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS. Cell. 2003;112:685鈥?5. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00149-1 . CrossRef 14. Sondermann H, Soisson SM, Boykevisch S, Yang SS, Bar-Sagi D, Kuriyan J. Structural analysis of autoinhibition in the Ras activator Son of sevenless. Cell. 2004;119:393鈥?05. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.005 . CrossRef
1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466鈥?550, Japan 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 7. Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan 4. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 5. Department of Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 6. Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 3. Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan