Germ layer formation during Xenopus embryogenesis: the balance between pluripotency and differentiation

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• 作者：Ying Cao (1)
  
  1. Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study ; Nanjing ; 210061 ; China
  
• 关键词：Xenopus ; germ layer formation ; pluripotency factors ; ES cells
• 刊名：Science China Life Sciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：58
• 期：4
• 页码：336-342
• 全文大小：638 KB
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• 刊物主题：Life Sciences, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1869-1889

文摘

The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has long been a model animal for the studies in the fields of animal cloning, developmental biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology. With the aid of Xenopus, major molecular mechanisms that are involved in embryonic development have been understood. Germ layer formation is the first event of embryonic cellular differentiation, which is induced by a few key maternal factors and subsequently by zygotic signals. Meanwhile, another type of signals, the pluripotency factors in ES cells, which maintain the undifferentiated state, are also present during early embryonic cells. In this review, the functions of the pluripotency factors during Xenopus germ layer formation and the regulatory relationship between the signals that promote differentiation and pluripotency factors are discussed.