Groundwater Characteristics and Pollution Assessment Using Integrated Hydrochemical Investigations GIS and Multivariate Geostatistical Techniques in Arid Areas

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• 作者：Mohamed El Alfy ; Aref Lashin ; Nassir Al-Arifi…
• 关键词：Groundwater pollution ; GIS ; Multivariate geostatistics ; Arid areas
• 刊名：Water Resources Management
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：29
• 期：15
• 页码：5593-5612
• 全文大小：13,729 KB
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• 作者单位：Mohamed El Alfy (1) (2) (5)
  Aref Lashin (3) (4) (5)
  Nassir Al-Arifi (5)
  Abdulaziz Al-Bassam (5)
  
  1. CPSIPW, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  5. SGS, Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  3. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  4. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Hydrogeology
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Civil Engineering
  Environment
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1650

文摘

In arid areas, groundwater quality is an important concern for human life and natural ecosystems. Rapid economic development impacts greatly on limited groundwater resources. This study examines the impacts of natural and anthropogenic contaminations on groundwater quality by integrating hydrochemical investigations, GIS and multivariate geostatistical techniques. Major and trace elements in groundwater were analyzed to evaluate the shallow alluvial aquifer connected to the fractured basement aquifer in the Jazan area of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results show that the groundwater of the aquifer inland is generally under free conditions and is declining with time, while in the coastal areas, there is a disturbance of the groundwater balance resulting in upward leakage of deep saline water and seawater intrusion. Groundwater types are varied from calcium bicarbonate to sodium chloride, reflecting meteoric water recharge to seawater influence. The pollution risk is high, since the water table is shallow and the aquifers are highly permeable. Urbanization has put stress on groundwater quality due to wastewater contamination from pit latrines and leakage from the unrehabilitated sewage system. Chemical equilibrium and saturation indices were calculated, showing that most of the water samples were under-saturated with respect to anhydrate, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite mineral phases. This affects carbonate and evaporite minerals in the aquifer, causing ground subsidence and sinkholes in the coastal area. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify and examine the processes affecting groundwater quality. The main factors impacting on the groundwater hydrochemistry were identified as: dissolution of several minerals, evaporation, human impact, mixing between geothermal and other waters as well as rainfall recharge. Keywords Groundwater pollution GIS Multivariate geostatistics Arid areas