A Physicist for All Seasons: Part II

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Frank Oppenheimer
  
• 关键词：Frank Oppenheimer ; J. Robert Oppenheimer ; Jackie (Jacquenette) Oppenheimer ; Luis W. Alvarez ; Kenneth Bainbridge ; J. William Buchta ; Eric Henry S. Burhop ; Charles Critchfield ; William A. Fowler ; Phyllis Freier ; George Gamow ; Charles C. Lauritsen ; Ernest O. Lawrence ; Edward J. Lofgren ; Leona Marshall ; Edward P. Ney ; Marcus (Mark) L.E. Oliphant ; Bernard Peters ; Melba Phillips ; Cecil F. Powell ; Wilson M. Powell ; Ruth B. Shipley ; Harlow Shapley ; Henry DeWolf Smyth ; John T. Tate ; Edward Teller ; Robert
• 刊名：Physics in Perspective (PIP)
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：June 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：15
• 期：2
• 页码：178-240
• 全文大小：852KB
• 参考文献：1. Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky, Chaim Richman, and Frank Oppenheimer, “Control of the Field Distribution of the Linear Accelerator Cavity,- / Physical Review ong class="a-plus-plus">73ong> (1948), 535 [Abstract]; Luis W. Alvarez, Hugh Bradner, Jack V. Franck, Hayden Gordon, J. Donald Gow, Lauriston C. Marshall, Frank Oppenheimer, Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky, Chaim Richman, and John R. Woodyard, “Berkeley Proton Linear Accelerator,- / The Review of Scientific Instruments ong class="a-plus-plus">26ong> (1955), 111-133.
  2. Carl Bailey, D.L. Drukey, and F. Oppenheimer, “A Magnetic Ion Source,- / Rev. Sci. Inst. ong class="a-plus-plus">20ong> (1949), 189-191.
  3. Lesley Higgins and Marie-Christine Leps, “’Passport, please- Legal, Literary, and Critical Fictions of Identity,- / College Literature ong class="a-plus-plus">25ong> (Winter 1998), 94-138; especially “I. The Unimaginable Mrs. Shipley,-94-98.
  4. Alice Kimball Smith, / A Peril and a Hope: The Scientists-Movement in America: 1946-47 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965).
  5. Frank Oppenheimer, Lawrence H. Johnston, and Chaim Richman, “Drift Tubes for Linear Proton Accelerator,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">70ong> (1946), 447-448 [Abstract].
  6. Bailey, Drukey, and Oppenheimer, “Magnetic Ion Source-(Ref. 2).
  7. Phyllis Freier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney, F. Oppenheimer, H.L. Braht, and B. Peters, “Evidence for Heavy Nuclei in the Primary Cosmic Radiation,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">74ong> (1948), 213-217; Phyllis Freier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney, and F. Oppenheimer, “The Heavy Component of Primary Cosmic Rays,- / ibid., 1818-1827; E.P. Ney, P. Freier, E.J. Lofgren, and F. Oppenheimer, “Observations on Heavy Nuclei in Cosmic Radiation,- / ibid. ong class="a-plus-plus">75ong> (1949), 340 [Abstract]; H.L. Bradt, Phyllis Freier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney, F. Oppenheimer, and B. Peters, “Evidence for Heavy Nuclei as a Component of Primary Cosmic Radiation, / Reviews of Modern Physics ong class="a-plus-plus">21ong> (1949), 101-103.
  8. Walter Frick, Edward J. Lofgren, Frank Oppenheimer, and Edward P. Ney, “Equipment for Photographing Cosmic-Ray Cloud-Chamber Tracks at 100,000 Ft.,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">74ong> (1948), 1258 [Abstract]; Edward J. Lofgren, Edward P. Ney, and Frank Oppenheimer, “Data Obtained from Cosmic-Ray Cloud-Chamber Tracks Taken at 100,000 Feet,- / ibid. [Abstract].
  9. F. Oppenheimer and E.P. Ney, “Wide Angle Sprays of Minimum Ionization Particles,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">76ong> (1949), 1418-1419 [Letter to the Editor].
  10. Freier, / et al., “Heavy Component-(Ref. 7); Freier, / et al., “Evidence for Heavy Nuclei-(Ref. 7); Bradt, / et al., “Evidence-(Ref. 7); H.L. Bradt and B. Peters, “The Heavy Nuclei of the Primary Cosmic Radiation,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">77ong> (1950), 54-70.
  11. P.S. Freier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney, and F. Oppenheimer, “Star Production at High Altitudes,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">75ong> (1949), 340 [Abstract]; Phyllis Freier, Edward P. Ney, and Frank Oppenheimer, “Energies of Heavy Nuclei in Cosmic Rays,- / Phys. Rev. ong class="a-plus-plus">75ong> (1949), 991-992 [Letter to the Editor]; P. Freier, E.P. Ney, and F. Oppenheimer, “Cosmic-Ray Induced Nuclear Stars at High Altitudes,- / ibid., 1451-1452 [Letter to the Editor]; Oppenheimer and Ney, “Wide Angle Sprays-(Ref. 9); Phyllis Freier, E.P. Ney, and F. Oppenheimer, “Properties of the Heavy Primaries,- / ibid. ong class="a-plus-plus">77ong> (1950), 752 [Abstract].
  12. Freier, / et al., “Heavy Component-(Ref. 7).
  13. Bradt and Peters, “Heavy Nuclei-(Ref. 10).
  14. C.M.G. Lattes, G.P.S. Occhialini, and C.F. Powell, “Observations on the Tracks of Slow Mesons in Photographic Emulsions,- / Nature ong class="a-plus-plus">160ong> (1947), 453-456, 486-492; reprinted in E.H.S. Burhop, W.O. Lock, and M.G.K. Menon, ed., / Selected Papers of Cecil Frank Powell (Amsterdam and London: North-Holland, 1972), pp. 228-238, 239-255.
  15. Freier, / et al., “Evidence for Heavy Nuclei-(Ref. 7).
  16. Arthur H. Compton and Samuel K. Allison, / X-Rays in Theory and Experiment (New York: Van Nostrand, 1936).
  17. Gerhard Herzberg, / Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure. Translated with the Co-operation of the Author by J.W.T. Spinks (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1937).
  18. Oppenheimer and Ney, “Wide Angle Sprays-(Ref. 9).
  19. Alvarez, / et al., “Berkeley Proton Linear Accelerator-(Ref. 1).
  20. Frank Oppenheimer, “The Sentimental Fruits of Science,- / Durango Herald (May 1959).
  21. Philip M. Stern, / The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial. With the collaboration of Harold P. Green (New York, Evanston, and London: Harper & Row, 1969).
  22. See, for example, Jean Newman and Frank Oppenheimer, “Absence of any Temperature Dependence in the Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Platinum and Gold,- / Journal of the Optical Society of America ong class="a-plus-plus">52ong> (1962), 948-949 [Letter to the Editor].
  23. H. Davis, F. Oppenheimer, W.L. Knight, F.R. Stannard, and O. Treutler, “A Bubble Chamber Study of the Reactions Occurring with Stopping K<sup>?/sup>-Mesons in a Mixture of Propane and Freon,- / Il Nuovo Cimento A ong class="a-plus-plus">53ong> (1968), 313-326.
  24. W.L. Knight, F.R. Stannard, F. Oppenheimer, B. Rickey, and R. Wilson, “A Bubble Chamber Study of the Trapping of Λ-Hyperons in Nuclear Matter,- / Nuovo Cimento ong class="a-plus-plus">32ong> (1964), 598-608.
  25. A.E. Bussian and F. Oppenheimer, “Baryon-Exchange Model in Isobar Production,- / Bulletin of the American Physical Society ong class="a-plus-plus">9ong> (1964), 538; / idem, / Physical Review Letters ong class="a-plus-plus">22ong> (1964), 649-652; L. Piekenbrock and F. Oppenheimer, “οP Elastic Cross Section,- / Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. ong class="a-plus-plus">9ong> (1964), 538-539; / idem, “ο / p Elastic Scattering,- / Phys. Rev. Lett. ong class="a-plus-plus">12ong> (1964), 625-627; H.S. Davis and F. Oppenheimer, “Lifetime of the 1405-Mev / Y _o Resonance,- / Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. ong class="a-plus-plus">9ong> (1964), 539.
  26. Frank Oppenheimer and Malcolm Correll, “A Library of Experiments,- / American Journal of Physics ong class="a-plus-plus">32ong> (1964), 220-225.
  27. Frank Oppenheimer, “The character of a university- / Colorado Quarterly (Spring 1964), 265-273.
  28. Frank Oppenheimer, “The Mathematics of Destruction-[Guest Editorial], / Saturday Review (January 16, 1965), 20; see also Frank Oppenheimer, “A War in the Shadow of the H-Bomb,- / Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ong class="a-plus-plus">24ong> (May 1968), 43-45.
  29. See, for example, Frank Oppenheimer, “Sophomore-Laboratory Experiment on the Viscosity of Air,- / Amer. J. Phys. ong class="a-plus-plus">32ong> (1962), 526-528; John R. Wilson and Frank Oppenheimer, “Silicon Controlled Rectifier Circuit for the Control of High Wattage Projection Lamps,- / Rev. Sci. Inst. ong class="a-plus-plus">35ong> (1964), 1013-1014.
  30. Oppenheimer and Correll, “Library of Experiments-(Ref. 26).
  31. Oppenheimer, “Sentimental Fruits-(Ref. 20).
  32. Frank Oppenheimer, “Science and Fear—A Discussion of Some Fruits of Scientific Understanding,- / The Centennial Review of Arts & Science ong class="a-plus-plus">5 (ong>1961), 396-414.
  33. Oppenheimer, “Mathematics of Destruction-(Ref. 28).
  34. Frank Oppenheimer, “The Role of Science Museums,-paper delivered to the Conference on Museums and Education, published in Conference Report (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968). See also / idem, "The Importance of the Role of Science Pedagogy to the Developing Nations," paper delivered to Symposium of World Federation of Scientific Workers, Budapest, Hungary, 1965, / Scientific World ong class="a-plus-plus"> 10ong>, No. 4 (1966), 21-3, 28.
  35. See, for example, Frank Oppenheimer, “Simple Demonstration of the Retinal Evidence Involved in Distance Perception,- / Amer. J. Phys. ong class="a-plus-plus">33ong> (1965), 1085-1088.
  36. Frank Oppenheimer, “A Rationale for a Science Museum,- / Curator: A Quarterly Publication of the American Museum of Natural History ong class="a-plus-plus">11ong>, No. 3 (1968), 206-209.
  37. Frank Oppenheimer, “The Exploratorium: A Playful Museum Combines Perception and Art in Science Education,- / Amer. J. Phys. ong class="a-plus-plus">40ong> (1972), 978-984; / idem, “The Palace of Arts and Science: An Exploratorium at San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,- / Leonardo ong class="a-plus-plus">5ong>, No. 4 (1972), 343-346. For a full account, see K.C. Cole, / Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made Up (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009), especially pp. 145-324.</sup>
  
• 作者单位：Frank Oppenheimer
  
  
• ISSN：1422-6960

文摘

The second part of this interview covers Frank Oppenheimer’s move to the University of California at Berkeley and wartime work at the Westinghouse Research Laboratories in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the electromagnetic-separation plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and at Los Alamos, New Mexico (1941-945); his postwar research at Berkeley (1945-947); his appointment at the University of Minnesota in 1947 and firing two?years later after being required to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee; his decade as a rancher in Colorado (1949-959) and high-school science teacher toward the end of this period; his research at the University of Colorado in Boulder after 1959; his year as a Guggenheim Fellow at University College London in 1965; and his founding of the Exploratorium in San Francisco. California, in 1969. He also discusses his wartime relations with his older brother Robert and postwar events in Robert’s life, including his Hearings before the Personnel Security Board of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1954.