The Physical Tourist
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- 作者：José M. Sánchez-Ron
- 关键词：Blas Cabrera ; Santiago Ramón y Cajal ; Miguel A. Catalán ; Marie Curie ; Albert Einstein ; Madrid ; University of Madrid ; Astronomical Observatory ; Prado Museum ; Royal Academy of Sciences ; Laboratory of Physical Researches ; National Institute of Physics and Chemistry ; Rockefeller Institute ; Institute of Optics ; Students’ Residence ; Transatlantico ; University City ; Spanish Civil War ; Board of Nuclear Energy
- 刊名：Physics in Perspective (PIP)
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：September, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：8
- 期：3
- 页码：318-343
- 全文大小：786 KB
- 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
- 刊物主题：Physics
Physics - 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
- ISSN：1422-6960
文摘
I provide a tour of Madrid, focusing especially on physical institutions that were created during the 19th and 20th centuries.These include the Astronomical Observatory close to the Prado Museum, which itself was conceived as a home for the Royal Academy of Sciences but became instead a world-famous art museum in 1819, leaving the Royal Academy of Sciences without a permanent home until 1866.The Laboratory of Physical Researches was created in 1910, and under the direction of Blas Cabrera (1878–1945), who also held a professorship at the Universidad Central, it fostered most of the Spanish research in physics at the time, in particular the famous spectroscopic researches of Miguel A. Catalán (1894–1957). Nearby were the so-called Transatlantico building and the Students’ Residence where Albert Einstein (1879–1955), for example, lectured in 1923, and which together continue to serve as a major cultural center in Madrid. Later, the physical laboratory was replaced by the National Institute of Physics and Chemistry, which was constructed with funds from the Rockefeller Foundation and inaugurated in 1932. A new University City with its Faculty of Sciences also was constructed on the northwestern outskirts of Madrid, but almost all of its buildings were totally destroyed during the devastating Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. It was reconstructed after the war and became home, for example, to Spain’s first nuclear reactor, which achieved criticality in 1958.