From an electron avalanche to the lightning discharge

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• 作者：B. Zh. Zalikhanov
• 刊名：Physics of Particles and Nuclei
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：47
• 期：1
• 页码：108-133
• 全文大小：2,124 KB
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• 作者单位：B. Zh. Zalikhanov (1)
  
  1. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141980, Russia
  
• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Elementary Particles and Nuclei
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
• ISSN：1531-8559

文摘

The goal of this work is to describe qualitatively the physics of processes which begin with an electron avalanche and finish in a lightning discharge. A streamer model is considered that is based on studies of the recently discovered processes occurring in the prestreamer region. The investigation and analysis of these processes enabled making the conclusion that they are, in essence, the attendant processes, which ensure the electron avalanche-to-streamer transition, and may be interpreted as a manifestation of properties of a double charge layer exposed to the external electric field. The pressing problems of physical processes which form a lightning discharge are considered from the standpoint of new ideas about the mechanism of the streamer formation and growth. Causes of the emergence of coherent super-high-frequency radiation of a leader and the neutron production in a lightning discharge are revealed that have not been explained so far in the theory of gas discharge. Based also on new ideas about the lightning discharge, a simple ball-lightning model, providing answers to almost allquestions formulated from numerous observations on the behavior of ball lightning, is offered, and the need of a new design of lightning protection instead of the traditional rod is discussed. Original Russian Text © B.Zh. Zalikhanov, 2016, published in Fizika Elementarnykh Chastits i Atomnogo Yadra, 2016, Vol. 47, No. 1.