A beginning investigation into the possible role of cosmic rays in the initiation of lightning discharges at the Pierre Auger Observatory

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：W. C. Brown (1)
  J. R. Dywer (2)
  A. Huangs (3)
  P. R. Krehbiel (4)
  W. Rison (4)
  R. J. Thomas (4)
  H. Edens (4)
  L. Niemitz (5)
  J. Rautenberg (5)
  
• 刊名：The European Physical Journal Plus
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：August 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：127
• 期：8
• 全文大小：694KB
• 参考文献：1. V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, Lightning Physics and Effects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2003).
  2. D.A. Smith, X.M. Shao, D.N. Holden, C.T. Rhodes, M. Brook, P.R. Krehbiel, M. Stanley, W. Rison, R.J. Thomas, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 4189 (1999). CrossRef
  3. C.T.R. Wilson, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 22, 534 (1925). CrossRef
  4. A.V. Gurevich, G.M. Milikh, R. Roussel-Dupr茅, Phys. Lett. A 165, 463 (1992). CrossRef
  5. J.R. Dwyer, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 2055 (2003). CrossRef
  6. A.V. Gurevich, K.P. Zybin, R.A. Roussel-Dupr茅, Phys. Lett. A 254, 79 (1999). CrossRef
  7. R. Solomon, V. Schroeder, M.B. Baker, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127, 2683 (2001).
  8. J.R. Dwyer, J. Geophys. Res. 115, A00E14 (2010) DOI:10.1029/2009JA014504. CrossRef
  9. J.R. Dwyer, Phys. Plasmas 14, 042901 (2007). CrossRef
  10. J.R. Dwyer, J. Geophys. Res. 113, D10103 (2008). CrossRef
  11. G.K. Parks, B.H. Mauk, R. Spiger, J. Chin, Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 1176 (1981). CrossRef
  12. M. McCarthy, G.K. Parks, Res. Lett. 12, 393 (1985). CrossRef
  13. K.B. Eack, W.H. Beasley, W.D. Rust, T.C. Marshall, M. Stolzenburg, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2915 (1996). CrossRef
  14. K.B. Eack, D.M. Suszcynsky, W.H. Beasley, R. Roussel-Dupre, E. Symbalisty, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 185 (2000). CrossRef
  15. M. Brunetti, S. Cecchini, M. Galli, G. Giovannini, A. Pagliarin, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 1599 (2000). CrossRef
  16. A.P. Chubenko, V.P. Antonova, S.Yu. Kryukov, V.V. Piskal, M.O. Ptitsyn, A.L. Shepetov, L.I. Vildanova, K.P. Zybin, A.V. Gurevich, Phys. Lett. A 275, 90 (2000). CrossRef
  17. H. Tsuchiya / et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165002 (2007). CrossRef
  18. G.J. Fishman / et al., Science 264, 1313 (1994). CrossRef
  19. S.U. Inan, S.C. Reising, G.J. Fishman, J.M. Horack, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1017 (1996). CrossRef
  20. D.M. Smith, L.I. Lopez, R.P. Lin, C.P. Barrington-Leigh, Science 307, 1085 (2005). CrossRef
  21. J.R. Dwyer, D.M. Smith, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L22804 (2005) DOI:10.1029/2005GL023848. CrossRef
  22. B.E. Carlson, N.G. Lehtinen, U.S. Inan, Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L08809 (2007). CrossRef
  23. E. Williams / et al., J. Geophys. Res. 111, D16209 (2006). CrossRef
  24. J.R. Dwyer, M.A. Uman, H.K. Rassoul, V.A. Rakov, M. Al-Dayeh, E.L. Caraway, B. Wright, J. Jerauld, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, A. Chrest, C. Smyth, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L05119 (2004) DOI:10.1029/2003GL018771. CrossRef
  25. http://www.auger.org.
  26. L. Wiencke for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 127, 98 (2012). CrossRef
  27. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 523, 50 (2004). CrossRef
  28. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 586, 409 (2008). CrossRef
  29. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 620, 207 (2010) arXiv:0907.4282v1 [astro-ph.IM].
  30. C. Meurer, N. Scharf on behalf of the Pierre Auger Collaboration, Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans. 7, 183 (2011) arXiv:1106.1329v1 [astro-ph.IM]. CrossRef
  31. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Astropart. Phys. 33, 180 (2010) arXiv:1002.0366 [astro-ph.IM].
  32. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Astropart. Phys. 35, 591 (2012) arXiv:1201.2276 [astro-ph.HE]. CrossRef
  33. R. Thomas / et al., J. Geophy. Res. 109, D14207 (2004) DOI:10.1029/2004JD004549. CrossRef
  34. http://auger.colostate.edu/ED/.
  35. The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Proc. 32rd ICRC, Beijing China, August 2011, arXiv:1107.4807v1 [astro-ph.IM].
  36. M. Melissas for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans. 7, 207 (2011). CrossRef
  37. S. Buitink / et al., Astron. Astrophys. 467, 385 (2007) DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20066006. CrossRef
  38. J.R. Dwyer, M.A. Uman, H.K. Rassoul, J. Geophys. Res. 114, D09208 (2009) DOI:10.1029/2008JD011386. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：W. C. Brown (1)
  J. R. Dywer (2)
  A. Huangs (3)
  P. R. Krehbiel (4)
  W. Rison (4)
  R. J. Thomas (4)
  H. Edens (4)
  L. Niemitz (5)
  J. Rautenberg (5)
  
  1. Department of Physics, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO, USA
  2. Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
  3. Karlsr眉her Institute fur Technologie, Karlesr眉he, Germany
  4. Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA
  5. Fachbereich Physik, Universit盲te Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
  
• ISSN：2190-5444

文摘

The means by which lightning is initiated inside storms is not yet understood and remains a primary unsolved problem in advancing our understanding of lightning. Due to the inconsistency between the estimated required and measured field strengths in thunderclouds, an increasing amount of research has focused on energetic electron/particle runaway processes as the basic initiating mechanism. An important class of these ideas and models is that the seed energetic electrons for runaway processes are provided by energetic cosmic rays. However, as yet there is little experimental or observational evidence to support or refute this idea. Consequently, we are beginning with a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) in conjunction with the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. The goal is to determine if discharges are initiated when high energy cosmic ray air showers pass through electrified storms. The planned instrumentation will combine the Pierre Auger Observatory with the LMA. The later will include stations placed to span the observatory to accurately measure the arrival times of impulsive VHF radiation events. These data will provide detailed 3 -dimensional pictures of individual lightning discharges inside storms, The approach of the proposed study is to identify air showers that pass through electrified storms and to look for temporal and spatial correlations with lightning in the storms, paying particular attention to the initial stages of the lightning. The study will be conducted for at least several years to assess fully the possible effects of cosmic rays in initiating lightning.