Microstructure Evolution During Friction Stir Processing and Hot Torsion Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V
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- 作者：John C. Lippold (1)
Jason J. Livingston (1) - 刊名：Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：August 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：44
- 期：8
- 页码：3815-3825
- 全文大小：1839KB
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Jason J. Livingston (1)
1. Welding Engineering Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA - ISSN：1543-1940
文摘
Friction stir processing of three variants of Ti-6Al-4V was conducted at processing temperatures both above and below the 尾-transus. The base metal substrates that were processed included wrought base metal in the 伪/尾-processed and 尾-processed condition and weld overlay that was deposited using the gas tungsten arc welding process. Friction stir processing below the 尾-transus for the 伪/尾-processed condition and the weld overlay produced fully equiaxed-伪 grains with submicron grain size, while in the 尾-processed condition, elongated equiaxed-伪 grains and regions of transformed-尾 with grain size in the 1 to 2聽渭m range were observed. Friction stir processing above the 尾-transus was microstructurally evident by a stir zone composed of 10 to 40聽渭m recrystallized 尾-grains with either a basket weave or colony structure and a continuous network of 伪 at the grain boundary. Path and normal forces were recorded for in situ processing of Ti-6Al-4V in all three initial conditions. Comparatively, above-transus processing reduced the path force at the tool-to-workpiece interface, while processing below the 尾-transus caused the path force to increase by ~300 pct. Based on the dimensionless heat input, it appears that the stir zone microstructure is more dependent on spindle speed (RPM) than travel speed and that the heat input parameter is not a good indicator of the processing temperature. Hot torsion testing of 伪/尾-processed Ti-6Al-4V was used as a method for physically simulating the stir zone microstructure produced from friction stir processing. At a strain rate of 2.5聽s鈭? (250 RPM rotation rate), the transition from equiaxed-伪 to a transformed beta microstructure occurred at approximately 1223聽K (950聽掳C). A comparison of FSP and hot torsion microstructures revealed nearly identical matching depending on the selection of hot torsion conditions.