Optimization of titanium and vanadium co-doping in LiFePO4/C using response surface methodology

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• 作者：Xiao-Yan Lv ; Xiao-Ru Cui ; Yun-Fei Long ; Jing Su ; Yan-Xuan Wen
• 关键词：Lithium ion batteries ; Cathode materials ; Lithium iron phosphates ; Vanadium and titanium co ; doping ; Response surface methodology
• 刊名：Ionics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：21
• 期：9
• 页码：2447-2455
• 全文大小：1,826 KB
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• 作者单位：Xiao-Yan Lv (2) (3)
  Xiao-Ru Cui (1)
  Yun-Fei Long (1) (3)
  Jing Su (1) (3)
  Yan-Xuan Wen (1) (3)
  
  2. The New Rural Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
  3. Key Laboratory of Novel Energy Materials and Related Technology, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Electrochemistry
  Materials Science
  Physical Chemistry
  Condensed Matter
  Renewable Energy Sources
  Electrical Power Generation and Transmission
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1862-0760

文摘

A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the amount of titanium and vanadium that is co-doped in LiFePO₄/C. Experimental data for fitting the response were collected using a central composite rotatable design. A second-order model that represents the discharge capacity of co-doped LiFePO₄/C was expressed as a function of amount of doping titanium and vanadium. The effect of individual variables and their interactions was studied by statistical analysis of variance. The linear and quadratic effects and interactions of the amount of doping titanium and vanadium were statistically significant. Response surface plots, the spatial representations of the model, show that the discharge capacity depends more on the amount of doping vanadium than titanium. The obtained model reveals that the optimized amounts of doping titanium and vanadium are 0.03 and 0.07, respectively, which results in a theoretical discharge capacity of 144.8 mAh g? at 10 C. Confirmatory tests for the optimized LiV_0.07Ti_0.03Fe_0.9PO₄/C show a discharge capacity of 144.1 mAh g? with a capacity retention ratio of ?00 % after 100 cycles at 10 C. The optimized LiV_0.07Ti_0.03PO₄/C exhibits a good rate performance and cycle stability because of the enhancement of electronic conductivity and reaction reversibility through the vanadium and titanium co-doping. Keywords Lithium ion batteries Cathode materials Lithium iron phosphates Vanadium and titanium co-doping Response surface methodology