Characterization of crystalline secondary particles and elemental composition in PM10 of North China

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• 作者：Xiaoyan Song ; Longyi Shao ; Qiming Zheng ; Shushen Yang
• 关键词：PM10 ; Mineralogical and elemental composition ; Sulfate ; Anthropogenic element
• 刊名：Environmental Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：74
• 期：7
• 页码：5717-5727
• 全文大小：831 KB
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• 作者单位：Xiaoyan Song (1)
  Longyi Shao (2)
  Qiming Zheng (3)
  Shushen Yang (4)
  
  1. School of Resources & Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
  2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
  3. Department of Resources and Environment Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, Henan, China
  4. School of Energy & Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：None Assigned
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-6299

文摘

PM₁₀ samples were collected on haze days (visibility <10 km) within Zhengzhou City, North China. Mineralogical and chemical compositions of these PM₁₀ samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis, respectively. Results indicated that the crystalline phase in PM₁₀ was composed of crustal minerals, sulfate, and chloride. The sulfate mainly included koktaite, gypsum, anhydrite, and boussingaultite, as well as trace amounts of mascagnite. Multiple linear regression of koktaite/(gypsum + anhydrite) (K/G) and gypsum/anhydrite (G/A) with temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) indicated that koktaite–gypsum–anhydrite transformation was significantly influenced by temperature and relative humidity (P < 0.05). The negative and positive regression coefficients of T (RC_K/G = ?.711, RC_G/A = ?.433) and RH (RC_K/G = 0.469, RC_G/A = 0.572) indicated that temperature and humidity had positive and negative effects on the koktaite–gypsum–anhydrite transformation, respectively. The enrichment of koktaite, gypsum, and boussingaultite had a negative effect on visibility, and in the process of the koktaite–gypsum–anhydrite transformation, the effect of these sulfates on visibility was weakened. Sulfur within PM₁₀ mostly occurred as anions in sulfate. It was found to mainly originate from coal combustion, and enrichment was far greater in winter than during the other three seasons. Chlorine was mainly associated with coal combustion, as well as straw burning to some extent. It mainly occurred as anions in koktaite as well as chloride, and there was a far greater enrichment of chlorine during winter. Arsenic occurred mainly as anions in anhydrite, and was more enriched during summer. It had origins in both coal combustion and agricultural activities. Furthermore, it is considered possible that fluorine occurred as noncrystalline organic matter. Keywords PM₁₀ Mineralogical and elemental composition Sulfate Anthropogenic element