Behavioral and functional vestibular disorders after space flight: I. Mammals

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• 作者：D. V. Lychakov
• 关键词：weightlessness ; mammals ; vestibular system ; functional disorders ; ontogenesis ; readaptation ; space gerontology
• 刊名：Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：51
• 期：6
• 页码：441-455
• 全文大小：164 KB
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• 作者单位：D. V. Lychakov (1)
  
  1. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Evolutionary Biology
  Biochemistry
  Animal Physiology
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
• ISSN：1608-3202

文摘

The review presents data on functional disorders in mammals caused by changes in the vestibular system after space flight. These data show that the mammalian vestibular system responds to weightlessness dissimilarly at different ontogenetic stages. During the embryonic period, orbital space flight conditions have a little effect on the developing vestibular system and even promote normal fetal development. During the early postnatal period, when optimal sensorymotor tactics arise, long-term exposure to space flight conditions leads to the development of novel, “extraterrestrial”, sensory-motor programs that may fixate in CNS for life. In adult individuals, substantial vestibular changes and disorders may occur immediately after landing depending on the weightlessness duration. An adult organism has to solve two concurrent and mutually conflicting problems: to adapt to weightlessness and not to adapt to it in order to facilitate readaptation after return. Thus, individuals have to counteract weightlessness to retain a maximum of their pre-flight health status. The means of such a counteraction have to be adjusted according to the weightlessness duration. It is noteworthy, however, that not all functional changes occurring in adult individuals under weightlessness can be adequately accounted for. Some of them can assume a chronic or even pathological character. The review raises for the first time the question of necessity to include into the scope of studies the effect of weightlessness on a senile (senescent) organism and its vestibular system. We believe that development of space gerontology as a special branch of space biology and medicine is undoubtedly of interest and may become practically important in the future in view of the ever-growing age of space explorers. Key words weightlessness mammals vestibular system functional disorders ontogenesis readaptation space gerontology