Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Dwight D Bowman (1)
  
• 关键词：Dirofilaria immitis ; Heartworm ; Drug resistance ; Macrocyclic lactones ; Ivermectin ; Selamectin ; Milbemycin oxime ; Moxidectin
• 刊名：Parasites & Vectors
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：5
• 期：1
• 全文大小：220KB
• 参考文献：1. NADA: / 138鈥?12 Heartgard-30庐. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm111205.htm?utm_campaign=Google2&utm_source=fdaSearch&utm_me dium=website&utm_term=nada%2013 8鈥?12&utm_content=1
  2. NADA: / 140鈥?15 Interceptor庐. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm054857.htm?utm_campaign=Google2&utm_source=fdaSearch&utm_medium=website&utm_term=nada%20140鈥?15&utm_content=5 FOIADrugSummaries/ucm054857.htm?utm_campaign=Google2&utm_source=fdaSearch&utm_medium=website&utm_term=nada%20140-915&utm_content=5
  3. NADA: / 141鈥?52 Revolution鈩?/em>. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm117201.pdf
  4. NADA: / 141鈥?51 ProHeart鈩?for Dogs. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm116537.htm
  5. NADA: / 141鈥?89 ProHeart庐6. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm117588.pdf
  6. NADA: / 141鈥?52 Advantage Multi庐 for Dogs. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM051438.pdf
  7. Cupp EW, Bernardo MJ, Kiszewski AE, Collins RC, Taylor HR, Aziz MA, Greene BM: The effects of ivermectin on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. / Science 1986, 231:740鈥?42. CrossRef
  8. Churcher TS, Pion SD, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Prichard RK, Awadzi K, Boussinesq M, Collins RC, Whitworth JA, Basanez MG: Identifying sub-optimal responses to ivermectin in the treatment of River Blindness. / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:16716鈥?6721. CrossRef
  9. Prichard RK, Hall CA, Kelly JD, Martin ICA, Donald AD: The problem of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. / Aust Vet J 1980, 56:239鈥?50. CrossRef
  10. Williamson SM, Storey B, Howell S, Harper KM, Kaplan RM, Wolstenholme AJ: Candidate anthelmintic resistance-associated gene expression and sequence polymorphisms in a triple-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus. / Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011, 180:99鈥?05. CrossRef
  11. Reinemeyer CR, Prado JC, Nichols EC, Marchiondo AA: Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate of Parascaris equorum in horses. / Vet Parasitol 2010, 171:111鈥?15. CrossRef
  12. Traversa D, Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Demeler J, Milillo P, Schurmann S, Barnes H, Otranto D, Perrucci S, Regalbono AF, Beraldo P, Boeckh A, Cobb R: Anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomin populations from horse yards in Italy, United Kingdom and Germany. / Parasit Vectors 2009,2(Suppl 2):S2. CrossRef
  13. Kaminsky R, Bapst B, Stein PA, Strehlau GA, Allan BA, Hosking BC, Rolfe PF, Sager H: Differences in efficacy of monepantel, derquantel and abamectin against multi-resistant nematodes of sheep. / Parasitol Res 2011, 109:19鈥?3. CrossRef
  14. Wolstenholme AJ, Fairweather I, Prichard R, Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Sangster NC: Drug resistance in veterinary helminths. / Trends Parasitol 2004, 20:469鈥?76. CrossRef
  15. Kotze AC, le Jambre LF, O鈥橤rady J: A modified larval migration assay for detection of resistance to macrocyclic lactones in Haemonchus contortus, and drug screening with Trichostrongylidae parasites. / Vet Parasitol 2006, 137:294鈥?05. CrossRef
  16. Atkins C: / Current controversies and dilemmas in heartworm disease: defining the issues by close examination. https://www.aahanet.org/Education/WebConference.aspx?key=428166ce-8c29鈥?62d-ad51-f7b9bd3b1350 WebConference.aspx?key=428166ce-8c29-462d-ad51-f7b9bd3b1350
  17. Blagburn BL, Vaughan JL, Butler JM, Mount JD, Spencer JA, Carmichael J, Schenker R: Evaluation of susceptibility of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) biotypes to macrocyclic lactones using microfilariae-based single dose and dose-mortality regression assays [abstract]. In / Proceedings of the AAVP 56th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO; 2011:110. 16鈥?9 July 2011
  18. Bourguinat C, Keller K, Bhan A, Peregrine A, Geary T, Prichard R: Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis. / Vet Parastiol 2011, 181:388鈥?92. CrossRef
  19. Moorhead AD, Evans CC, Wolstenholm AJ, Storey BE, Blagburn BL, Vaughan JL, Schenker R, Carmichael J, Kaplan RM: In vitro bioassay for measuring anthelmintic susceptibility in Dirofilaria immitis [abstract]. In / Proceedings of the AAVP 56th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO; 2011:109. 16鈥?9 July 2011
  20. Snyder DE, Wiseman S, Cruthers LR, Slone RL: Ivermectin and milbemycin oxime in experimental adult heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection of dogs. / J Vet Intern Med 2011, 25:61鈥?4. CrossRef
  21. Snyder DE, Wiseman S, Bowman DD, McCall JW, Reinemeyer CR: Assessment of the effectiveness of a combination product of spinosad and milbemycin oxime on the prophylaxis of canine heartworm infection. / Vet Parasitol 2011, 180:262鈥?66. CrossRef
  22. NADA: / 141鈥?21 Trifexis. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM252248.pdf?utm_campaign=Google2&utm_source=fdaSearch&utm_medium=website&utm_term=nada trifexis&utm_content=1
  23. Blagburn BL, Dillon AR, Arther RG, Butler JM, Newton JC: Comparative efficacy of four commercially available heartworm preventive products against the MP3 laboratory strain of Dirofilaria immitis. / Vet Parasitol 2011, 176:189鈥?94. CrossRef
  24. NADA: / 141鈥?33 Sentinel庐 Spectrum庐. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM292003.pdf
  25. Bourguinat C, Keller K, Prichard RK, Geary TG: Genetic polymorphism in Dirofilaria immitis. / Vet Parasitol 2011, 176:368鈥?73. CrossRef
  26. Bourguinat C, Keller K, Blagburn B, Schenker R, Geary TG, Prichard RK: Correlation between loss of efficacy of macrocyclic lactone heartworm anthelmintics and P-glycoprotein genotype. / Vet Parasitol 2011, 176:374鈥?81. CrossRef
  27. Bourguinat C, Keller K, Bhan A, Peregrine AS, Blagburn BL, Geary TG, Prichard RK: Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis [abstract]. In / Proceedings of the AAVP 56th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO; 2011:108. 16鈥?9 July 2011
  28. Belanger DH, Perkins SL, Rockwell RF: Inference of population structure and patterns of gene flow in canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). / J Parasitol 2011, 97:602鈥?09. CrossRef
  29. McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer L, Guerrero J, Dzimianski MT, Supakorndej P, Mansour AM, McCall SD, Supakorndej N, Grandi G, Carson B: Heartworm and Wolbachia: therapeutic implications. / Vet Parasitol 2008, 158:204鈥?4. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Dwight D Bowman (1)
  
  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
  

文摘

In order to provide a background to current concerns relative to the possible resistance of heartworms to macrocyclic lactones, this review summarizes various studies in which lack of efficacies (LOEs) have been observed in dogs on macrocyclic lactone preventives relative to the United States of America. Some of these studies have been published in the peer-reviewed literature, others have appeared in various reports to the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA as New Animal Drug Application (NADA) summaries, and one appeared as a letter to US veterinarians. This review also discusses reports relating to the potential problem of heartworm resistance in microfilariae and third-stage larvae, as well as molecular markers associated with resistance to macrocyclic lactones within Dirofilaria immitis. As more work is being done in this area of great concern relative to the protection of dogs from infection using this class of preventives, it seems timely to summarize what is known about heartworms, their potential resistance to treatment, and the means of selecting for resistance genes in populations of this helminth in the laboratory and in the field.