Active Region Emergence and Remote Flares

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• 作者：Yixing Fu ; Brian T. Welsch
• 关键词：Active regions ; magnetic fields ; Flares ; relation to magnetic field ; Flares ; forecasting ; Magnetic fields ; models
• 刊名：Solar Physics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：291
• 期：2
• 页码：383-410
• 全文大小：2,539 KB
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• 作者单位：Yixing Fu (1) (2)
  Brian T. Welsch (3) (4)
  
  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
  2. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1056, USA
  3. Deptartment of Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, 54311, USA
  4. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7450, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Astronomy
  Extraterrestrial Physics and Space Sciences
  Astrophysics
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-093X

文摘

We study the effect of new emerging solar active regions on the large-scale magnetic environment of existing regions. We first present a theoretical approach to quantify the “interaction energy” between new and pre-existing regions as the difference between i) the summed magnetic energies of their individual potential fields and ii) the energy of their superposed potential fields. We expect that this interaction energy can, depending upon the relative arrangements of newly emerged and pre-existing magnetic flux, indicate the existence of “topological” free magnetic energy in the global coronal field that is independent of any “internal” free magnetic energy due to coronal electric currents flowing within the newly emerged and pre-existing flux systems. We then examine the interaction energy in two well-studied cases of flux emergence, but find that the predicted energetic perturbation is relatively small compared to energies released in large solar flares. Next, we present an observational study of the influence of the emergence of new active regions on flare statistics in pre-existing active regions, using NOAA’s Solar Region Summary and GOES flare databases. As part of an effort to precisely determine the emergence time of active regions in a large event sample, we find that emergence in about half of these regions exhibits a two-stage behavior, with an initial gradual phase followed by a more rapid phase. Regarding flaring, we find that the emergence of new regions is associated with a significant increase in the occurrence rate of X- and M-class flares in pre-existing regions. This effect tends to be more significant when pre-existing and new emerging active regions are closer. Given the relative weakness of the interaction energy, this effect suggests that perturbations in the large-scale magnetic field, such as topology changes invoked in the “breakout” model of coronal mass ejections, might play a significant role in the occurrence of some flares.