l-carnitine supplementation on migraine indicators were assessed. In this clinical trial, 133 migrainous patients were randomly assigned into three intervention groups: magnesium oxide (500?mg/day), l-carnitine (500?mg/day), and Mg-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine (500?mg/day magnesium and 500?mg/day-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine), and a control group. After 12?weeks of supplementation, the checklist of migraine indicators including migraine attacks/month, migraine days/month, and headache severity was completed, and serum concentrations of magnesium and l-carnitine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and enzymatic UV test, respectively. The results showed a significant reduction in all migraine indicators in all studied groups (p-lt;-.05). The ANOVA results showed a significant reduction in migraine frequency across various supplemented and control groups (p--.008). By separating the effects of magnesium supplementation from other confounding factors such as routine treatments using the repeated measures and nested model, it was clarified that magnesium supplementation had a significant effect on all migraine indicators. Oral supplementation with magnesium oxide and l-carnitine and concurrent supplementation of Mg-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine besides routine treatments could be effective in migraine prophylaxis; however, larger trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings." />
The Effects of Magnesium, l-Carnitine, and Concurrent Magnesium-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-Carnitine Supplementation in Migraine Prophylaxis
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  • 作者：Ali Tarighat Esfanjani (1)
    Reza Mahdavi (1) (2)
    Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mameghani (1)
    Mahnaz Talebi (3)
    Zeinab Nikniaz (4)
    Abdolrasool Safaiyan (1)
  • 关键词：Migraine ; Magnesium oxide ; l ; Carnitine ; Prophylaxis
  • 刊名：Biological Trace Element Research
  • 出版年：2012
  • 出版时间：December 2012
  • 年：2012
  • 卷：150
  • 期：1-3
  • 页码：42-48
  • 全文大小：172KB
  • 参考文献：1. Silberstein SD (2004) Migraine. Lancet 363:381-91 CrossRef
    2. World Health Organization. 2001. The world health report. Mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization
    3. Jensen R, Stover LJ (2008) Epidemiology and comorbidity of headache. Lancet Neurol 7:354-61 CrossRef
    4. Geraud G, Lanteri-Mint M, Lucas C, Valade D (2004) French guidelines for the diagnosis and management of migraine in adults and children. Clin Ther 26:305-18
    5. Kaniecki R (2004) Headache assessment and management. JAMA 11:1430-433
    6. Lyngberg AC, Rasmussen BK, J?rgensen T, Jensen R (2005) Has the prevalence of migraine and tension type headache changed over a 12-year period? A Danish population survey. Eur J Epidio 20:243-49 CrossRef
    7. Ayatollahi SM, Khosravi A (2006) Prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache in primary-school children in Shiraz. East Mediterr Health J 12:809-17
    8. Ayatollahi SM, Moradi F, Ayatollahi SA (2002) Prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache in adolescent girls of Shiraz (southern Iran). Headache 42:187-90 CrossRef
    9. Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Abbritti G (1993) Red blood cell magnesium levels in migraine patients. Cephalalgia 13:94-8 CrossRef
    10. Soriani S, Arnaldi C, De Carlo L, Acudi D, Mazzotta D, Battitella PA, Sartori S, Abbasciano V (1995) Serum and red blood cell magnesium levels in juvenile migraine patients. Headache 35:14-6 CrossRef
    11. Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Coata G, Firenze C, Morucci AG (1992) Serum and salivary magnesium levels in migraine. Results in a group of juvenile patients. Headache 32:132-35 CrossRef
    12. Welch KM, Ramadan NM (1995) Mitochondria, magnesium and migraine. J Neurol Sci 134:9-4 CrossRef
    13. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, K?hne-Volland F (1996) Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 16:257-63 CrossRef
    14. Demirkaya S, Vural O, Dora B, Topcuoglu MA (2001) Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Headache 41:171-77 CrossRef
    15. Wanic-Kossowska M (1997) Protective role of carnitine in acetate metabolism of patients with uremia treated by hemodialysis. Pol Arch Med Wewn 97:534-40
    16. Kabbouche MA, Powers SW, Vockell A-LB, LeCates SL, Hershey AD (2002) Carnitine palmityltransferase II (CPT2) deficiency and migraine headache: two case reports. Headache 43:490-95 CrossRef
    17. Sparaco M, Feleppa M, Lipton RB, Rapoport AM, Bigal ME (2005) Mitochondrial dysfunction and migraine: evidence and hypotheses. Cephalalgia 26:361-72 CrossRef
    18. Montagna P, Cortell P, Barbiroli B (1994) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in migraine. Cephalalgia 14:184-93 CrossRef
    19. Lipton RB, Stewart WF (1998) Migraine headaches: epidemiology and comorbidity. Clin Neurosci 5:2-
    20. International Headache Society (1988) Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias, and facial pain. Cephalalgia 8(Suppl 7):1-6
    21. Dawson JB, Heaton FW (1961) The determination of magnesium in biological materials by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Biochem J 80:99-06
    22. Roche. 1999. L-Carnitine enzymatic UV test for the determination of L-carnitine in research samples from seminal plasma, serum or urine. Cat. No. 1 242 008
    23. Facchinetti F, Sances G, Borella P, Genazzani AR, Nappi G (1991) Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium. Headache 31:298-01 CrossRef
    24. Taubert K (1994) Magnesium in migraine: results of a multicentre pilot study. Fortschr Med 112:328-30
    25. Pfaffenrath V, Wessely P, Meyer C, Isler HR, Evers S, Grotemeyer KH, Taner Z, Soycal D, G’bell H, Fischer M (1996) Magnesium in the prophylaxis of migraine—a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 16:436-40 CrossRef
    26. Maizels M, Blumenfeld A, Burchette RA (2004) Combination of riboflavin, magnesium, and feverfew for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized trial. Headache 44:885-90 CrossRef
    27. Mauskop A, Altura BT, Cracco RQ, Altura BM (1995) Intravenous magnesium sulfate relieves acute migraine in patients with low serum ionized magnesium levels: a pilot study. Clin Sci 89:633-36
    28. Schoenen J, Sianard-Gainko J, Lenaerts M (1991) Blood magnesium level in migraine. Cephalalgia 11:97-9 CrossRef
    29. Sarchielli P, Coata G, Firenze C, Morucci P, Abbritti G, Gallai V (1992) Serum and salivary magnesium levels in migraine and tension-type headache. Results in group of adult patients. Cephalalgia 12:21-7 CrossRef
    30. Trauninger A, Pfund Z, Koszegi T, Czopf J (2002) Oral magnesium load test in patients with migraine. Headache 42:114-19 CrossRef
    31. Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya G, Mukherajee A (2005) Serum magnesium levels in migraine—clinical and electrophysiological correlations. Poster abstracts 11:S487–S488
    32. Okada H, Araga S, Takeshima T, Nakashima K (1998) Plasma lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in migraine and tension type headache. Headache 38:39-2 CrossRef
    33. Knapp AC, Todesco L, Beier K (2008) Toxicity of valproic acid in mice with decreased plasma and tissue carnitine stores. J Pharmacol Exp 324:568-75 CrossRef
    34. Uncini A, Lodi R, DiMuzio A, Silvestri G, Servidei S, Lugaresi A, Iotti S, Zaniol P, Barbiroli B (1995) Abnormal brain and muscle energy metabolism shown by 31P-MRS in familial hemiplegic migraine. J Neurol Sci 129:214-22 CrossRef
    35. Montagna P, Lodi R, Cortelli P, Pierangeli G, Iotti S, Cevoli S, Zaniol P, Barbiroli B (1997) Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cluster headache. Neurology 48:113-18 CrossRef
    36. Lodi R, Iotti S, Cortelli P, Pierangeli G, Cevoli S, Clementi V, Soriani S, Montagna P, Barbiroli B (1997) Deficit of brain and skeletal muscle bioenergetics and low brain magnesium in juvenile migraine: an in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy interictal study. Brain Res Bull 42:866-71
  • 作者单位：Ali Tarighat Esfanjani (1)
    Reza Mahdavi (1) (2)
    Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mameghani (1)
    Mahnaz Talebi (3)
    Zeinab Nikniaz (4)
    Abdolrasool Safaiyan (1)

    1. Health and Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Attar Neishaboori Ave, Tabriz, Iran
    2. Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Attar Neishaboori Ave, Tabriz, Iran
    3. Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Attar Neishaboori Ave, Tabriz, Iran
    4. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Attar Neishaboori Ave, Tabriz, Iran
文摘
Given the conflicting results about the positive effects of magnesium and l-carnitine and as there is no report concerning concurrent supplementation of magnesium and l-carnitine on migraine prophylaxis, the effects of magnesium, l-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine supplementation on migraine indicators were assessed. In this clinical trial, 133 migrainous patients were randomly assigned into three intervention groups: magnesium oxide (500?mg/day), l-carnitine (500?mg/day), and Mg-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine (500?mg/day magnesium and 500?mg/day-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine), and a control group. After 12?weeks of supplementation, the checklist of migraine indicators including migraine attacks/month, migraine days/month, and headache severity was completed, and serum concentrations of magnesium and l-carnitine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and enzymatic UV test, respectively. The results showed a significant reduction in all migraine indicators in all studied groups (p-lt;-.05). The ANOVA results showed a significant reduction in migraine frequency across various supplemented and control groups (p--.008). By separating the effects of magnesium supplementation from other confounding factors such as routine treatments using the repeated measures and nested model, it was clarified that magnesium supplementation had a significant effect on all migraine indicators. Oral supplementation with magnesium oxide and l-carnitine and concurrent supplementation of Mg-span class="a-plus-plus emphasis type-small-caps">l-carnitine besides routine treatments could be effective in migraine prophylaxis; however, larger trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

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