In search of income reference points for SLCA using a country level sustainability benchmark (part 1): fair inequality. A contribution to the Oiconomy project

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• 作者：Pim R. Croes ; Walter J. V. Vermeulen
• 关键词：Country benchmark ; ESCU ; Externalities ; Indicators ; Inequality ; Oiconomy standard ; Preventative costs ; Social LCA ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Society Index
• 刊名：The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：21
• 期：3
• 页码：349-362
• 全文大小：731 KB
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• 作者单位：Pim R. Croes (1)
  Walter J. V. Vermeulen (1)
  
  1. Utrecht University – Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Environmental Economics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7502

文摘

Purpose This paper is part 1 of our twin articles on income reference points for Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). Preventative costs based LCA systems, such as the EcoCost system and the Oiconomy system, need targets (performance reference points) to determine the marginal preventative costs, the costs of the most expensive measure that globally needs to be employed to reach the target. To extend the EcoCost system for social issues, targets are required for issues like fair wages and fair inequality of wages, issues for which no agreed standard, no effect level or target exists. One way of setting targets is to take best practices as benchmark, e.g. the practices of a group of best performing countries. The purpose of this part 1 article is to first develop a well-founded benchmark group of the 20 % best performing countries and thereafter propose a well-founded target for the issue of inequality for preventative costs based SLCA, which can also serve as performance reference point for SLCA in general and for other uses. In part 2, for the same purposes and using the same benchmark group, we propose targets for fair minimum wages for every country.