Simian malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (Cebinae subfamily) by Plasmodium simium

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• 作者：Denise Anete Madureira de Alvarenga (1)
  Anielle de Pina-Costa (2) (3)
  Ta铆s N贸brega de Sousa (1)
  Alcides Pissinatti (4) (5)
  Mariano G Zalis (6)
  Martha C Suar茅z-Mutis (7)
  Ricardo Louren莽o-de-Oliveira (8)
  Patr铆cia Brasil (2)
  Cl谩udio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro (3) (9)
  Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito (1)
  
  1. Laborat贸rio de Mal谩ria ; Centro de Pesquisa Ren茅 Rachou (CPqRR) ; Funda莽茫o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) ; MG ; Brazil
  2. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI) ; Ambulat贸rio de Doen莽as Febris Agudas ; Fiocruz ; RJ ; Brazil
  3. Centro de Pesquisa ; Diagn贸stico e Treinamento em Mal谩ria (CPD-Mal) ; Fiocruz ; RJ ; Brazil
  4. Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ/INEA) ; Rio de Janeiro ; RJ ; Brazil
  5. Centro Universit谩rio Serra dos 脫rg茫os (UNIFESO) ; Rio de Janeiro ; RJ ; Brazil
  6. Laborat贸rio de Virologia Molecular ; Hospital Universit谩rio Clementino Fraga Filho ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro ; Rio de Janeiro ; RJ ; Brazil
  7. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ; Laborat贸rio de Doen莽as Parasit谩rias ; Fiocruz ; RJ ; Brazil
  8. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) ; Laborat贸rio de Transmissores de Hematozo谩rios ; Fiocruz ; RJ ; Brazil
  9. Laborat贸rio de Pesquisa em Mal谩ria (IOC) ; Fiocruz ; RJ ; Brazil
  
• 关键词：Simian malaria ; Plasmodium simium ; Plasmodium vivax ; Plasmodium brasilianum ; Plasmodium malariae ; Cebinae ; Molecular diagnosis ; Atlantic forest
• 刊名：Malaria Journal
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,621 KB
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• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1475-2875

文摘

Background In Brazil, two species of Plasmodium have been described infecting non-human primates, Plasmodium brasilianum and Plasmodium simium. These species are morphologically, genetically and immunologically indistinguishable from the human Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax parasites, respectively. Plasmodium simium has been observed naturally infecting monkeys of the genera Alouatta and Brachyteles in a restricted area of the Atlantic Forest in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. However, its reported geographical distribution and the diversity of its vertebrate hosts may be underestimated, since available data were largely based on analyses by microscopic examination of peripheral blood, a method with limited sensitivity, considering the potential sub-patent feature of these infections. The present study describes, for the first time, the natural infection of P. simium in capuchin monkeys from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods Blood samples from 30 non-human primates belonging to nine species kept in the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro were collected. Fragments of spleen and liver from one dead monkey found in the neighborhoods of the Primate Centre were also analysed. Molecular diagnosis was performed by nested PCR (18SSU rRNA) and the amplified fragment was sequenced. Results Thirty per cent of the captive animals were infected with P. simium and/or P. brasilianum. The dead monkey tested positive for DNA of P. simium. For the first time, Cebinae primates (two specimens of genus Cebus and two of genus Sapajos) were found naturally infected by P. simium. The infection was confirmed by sequencing a small fragment of 18SSU rRNA. Conclusion The results highlight the possibility of infection by P. simium in other species of non-human primates whose impact could be significant for the malaria epidemiology among non-human primates and, if it becomes clear that this P. simium is able to infect monkeys and, eventually, man, also for the maintenance of transmission of human malaria in the context of a zoonosis in areas under influence of the Atlantic Forest.