Respiratory symptoms in children living near busy roads and their relationship to vehicular traffic: results of an Italian multicenter study (SIDRIA 2)
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Enrica Migliore (1)
Giovanna Berti (2)
Claudia Galassi (1)
Neil Pearce (3) (4)
Francesco Forastiere (5)
Roberto Calabrese (1) (6)
Lucio Armenio (7)
Annibale Biggeri (8) (9)
Luigi Bisanti (10)
Massimiliano Bugiani (11)
Ennio Cadum (2)
Elisabetta Chellini (12)
Valerio Dell'Orco (13)
Gabriele Giannella (14)
Piersante Sestini (15)
Giuseppe Corbo (16)
Riccardo Pistelli (16)
Giovanni Viegi (17)
Giovannino Ciccone (1) - 刊名：Environmental Health
- 出版年：2009
- 出版时间：December 2009
- 年：2009
- 卷：8
- 期：1
- 全文大小：794KB
- 参考文献：1. Behrens T, Taeger D, Maziak W, Duhme H, Rzehak P, Weiland SK, Keil U: Self-reported traffic density and atopic disease in children. Results of the ISAAC Phase III survey in Muenster, Germany. / Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004, 15:331-39. CrossRef
2. Brauer M, Hoek G, Van Vliet P, Meliefste K, Fischer PH, Wijga A, Koopman LP, Neijens HJ, Gerritsen J, Kerkhof M, Heinrich J, Bellander T, Brunekreef B: Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children. / Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:1092-098. CrossRef
3. Braun-Fahrlander C, Vuille JC, Sennhauser FH, Neu U, Kunzle T, Grize L, Gassner M, Minder C, Schindler C, Varonier HS, Wuthrich B: Respiratory health and long-term exposure to air pollutants in Swiss schoolchildren. SCARPOL Team. Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptoms with Respect to Air Pollution, Climate and Pollen. / Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 155:1042-049.
4. Brunekreef B, Janssen NA, de Hartog J, Harssema H, Knape M, van Vliet P: Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways. / Epidemiology 1997, 8:298-03. CrossRef
5. Duhme H, Weiland SK, Rudolph P, Wienke A, Kramer A, Keil U: Asthma and allergies among children in West and East Germany: a comparison between Munster and Greifswald using the ISAAC phase I protocol. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. / Eur Respir J 1998, 11:840-47. CrossRef
6. Hirsch T, Weiland SK, von Mutius E, Safeca AF, Grafe H, Csaplovics E, Duhme H, Keil U, Leupold W: Inner city air pollution and respiratory health and atopy in children. / Eur Respir J 1999, 14:669-77. CrossRef
7. Janssen NA, Brunekreef B, van Vliet P, Aarts F, Meliefste K, Harssema H, Fischer P: The relationship between air pollution from heavy traffic and allergic sensitization, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in Dutch schoolchildren. / Environ Health Perspect 2003, 111:1512-518. CrossRef
8. Nicolai T, Carr D, Weiland SK, Duhme H, von Ehrenstein O, Wagner C, von Mutius E: Urban traffic and pollutant exposure related to respiratory outcomes and atopy in a large sample of children. / Eur Respir J 2003, 21:956-63. CrossRef
9. van Vliet P, Knape M, de Hartog J, Janssen N, Harssema H, Brunekreef B: Motor vehicle exhaust and chronic respiratory symptoms in children living near freeways. / Environ Res 1997, 74:122-32. CrossRef
10. Venn AJ, Lewis SA, Cooper M, Hubbard R, Britton J: Living near a main road and the risk of wheezing illness in children. / Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 164:2177-180.
11. Pandya RJ, Solomon G, Kinner A, Balmes JR: Diesel exhaust and asthma: hypotheses and molecular mechanisms of action. / Environ Health Perspect 2002,110(Suppl 1):103-12.
12. Sydbom A, Blomberg A, Parnia S, Stenfors N, Sandstrom T, Dahlen SE: Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions. / Eur Respir J 2001, 17:733-46. CrossRef
13. Binková B, Bobak M, Chatterjee A, Chauhan A, Dejmek J, Dockery D, Everard M, Forastiere F, Gilliland F, Holgate S, Johnston S, Krzyzanowski M, Kuna-Dibbert B, Maynard R, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Samet J, Schneider J, Skerrett P, ?rám R, Walters D, Weiland S, Winneke G: WHO Monograph: The effects of air pollution on children's health and development: a review of the evidence. / WHO Regional Office for Europe 2004.
14. SIDRIA: Asthma and respiratory symptoms in 6- yr old Italian children: gender, latitude, urbanization and socioeconomic factors. SIDRIA (Italian Studies on Respiratory Disorders in Childhood and the Environment). / Eur Respir J 1997, 10:1780-786. CrossRef
15. Simoni M, Lombardi E, Berti G, Rusconi F, La Grutta S, Piffer S, Petronio MG, Galassi C, Forastiere F, Viegi G: Mould/dampness exposure at home is associated with respiratory disorders in Italian children and adolescents: the SIDRIA-2 Study. / Occup Environ Med 2005, 62:616-22. CrossRef
16. Galassi C, De Sario M, Biggeri A, Bisanti L, Chellini E, Ciccone G, Petronio MG, Piffer S, Sestini P, Rusconi F, Viegi G, Forastiere F: Changes in prevalence of asthma and allergies among children and adolescents in Italy: 1994-002. / Pediatrics 2006, 117:34-2. CrossRef
17. Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, Mitchell EA, Pearce N, Sibbald B, Stewart AW, Strachan D, Weiland SK, Williams HC: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. / Eur Respir J 1995, 8:483-91. CrossRef
18. Ciccone G, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Biggeri A, Bisanti L, Chellini E, Corbo G, Dell'Orco V, Dalmasso P, Volante TF, Galassi C, Piffer S, Renzoni E, Rusconi F, Sestini P, Viegi G: Road traffic and adverse respiratory effects in children. SIDRIA Collaborative Group. / Occup Environ Med 1998, 55:771-78. CrossRef
19. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Beasley R, Clayton TO, Stewart AW: The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): phase three rationale and methods. / Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005, 9:10-6.
20. Heinrich J, Gehring U, Cyrys J, Brauer M, Hoek G, Fischer P, Bellander T, Brunekreef B: Exposure to traffic related air pollutants: self reported traffic intensity versus GIS modelled exposure. / Occup Environ Med 2005, 62:517-23. CrossRef
21. Kuehni CE, Strippoli MP, Zwahlen M, Silverman M: Association between reported exposure to road traffic and respiratory symptoms in children: evidence of bias. / Int J Epidemiol 2006, 35:779-86. CrossRef
22. Piro FN, Madsen C, Naess O, Nafstad P, Claussen B: A comparison of self reported air pollution problems and GIS-modeled levels of air pollution in people with and without chronic diseases. / Environ Health 2008, 7:9. CrossRef
23. Galassi C, Forastiere F, Biggeri A, Gabellini C, De Sario M, Ciccone G, Biocca M, Bisanti L: [SIDRIA second phase: objectives, study design and methods]. / Epidemiol Prev 2005, 29:9-3.
24. Diggle PJ, Liang K, Zeger SL: / Analysis of longitudinal data Oxford: Oxford University Press 1994.
25. Newson R: Efficient calculation of jackknife confidence intervals for rank statistics. / Journal of Statistical Software 2006, 15:1-0.
26. Kepner JL, Wackerly DD: On Rank Transformation Techniques for Balanced Incomplete Repeated-Measur Designs. / J Am Stat Assoc 1996, 91:1619-625. CrossRef
27. Cadum E, Costa G, Biggeri A, Martuzzi M: Deprivation and mortality: a deprivation index suitable for geographical analysis of inequalities. / Epidemiol Prev. 1999,23(3):175-87.
28. Fuso L, de Rosa M, Corbo GM, Valente S, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Pistelli R: Repeatability of the ISAAC video questionnaire and its accuracy against a clinical diagnosis of asthma. / Respir Med 2000, 94:397-03. CrossRef
29. Gordian M, Haneuse S, Wakefield J: An investigation of the association between traffic exposure and the diagnosis of asthma in children. / J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006, 16:49-5. CrossRef
30. McConnell R, Berhane K, Yao L, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, Künzli N, Gauderman J, Avol E, Thomas D, Peters J: Traffic, susceptibility, and childhood asthma. / Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:766-72. CrossRef
31. Kim J, Huen K, Adams S, Smorodinsky S, Hoats A, Malig B, Lipsett M, Ostro B: Residential traffic and children's respiratory health. / Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:1274-279. CrossRef
32. Simoni M, Biavati P, Carrozzi L, Viegi G, Paoletti P, Matteucci G, Ziliani G, Ioannilli E, Sapigni T: The Po river Delta (North Italy) Indoor Epidemiological Study: home characteristics, indoor pollutants, and subjects' daily activity pattern. / Indoor Air 1998, 8:70-9. CrossRef
33. Kim JJ, Smorodinsky S, Lipsett M, Singer BC, Hodgson AT, Ostro B: Traffic-related air pollution near busy roads: the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study. / Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 170:520-26. CrossRef
34. Brunekreef B, Sunyer J: Asthma, rhinitis and air pollution: is traffic to blame? / Eur Respir J 2003, 21:913-15. CrossRef
35. Seear M, Wensley D: Chronic cough and wheeze in children: do they all have asthma? / Eur Respir J 1997, 10:342-45. CrossRef
36. ENEA: / Rapporto Energia e Ambiente 2005 Roma: Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente 2005.
37. Annesi-Maesano I, Agabiti N, Pistelli R, Couilliot MF, Forastiere F: Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution. / Eur Respir J Suppl 2003, 40:57s-63s. CrossRef
38. Forastiere F, Corbo GM, Pistelli R, Michelozzi P, Agabiti N, Brancato G, Ciappi G, Perucci CA: Bronchial responsiveness in children living in areas with different air pollution levels. / Arch Environ Health 1994, 49:111-18. CrossRef - 作者单位：Enrica Migliore (1)
Giovanna Berti (2)
Claudia Galassi (1)
Neil Pearce (3) (4)
Francesco Forastiere (5)
Roberto Calabrese (1) (6)
Lucio Armenio (7)
Annibale Biggeri (8) (9)
Luigi Bisanti (10)
Massimiliano Bugiani (11)
Ennio Cadum (2)
Elisabetta Chellini (12)
Valerio Dell'Orco (13)
Gabriele Giannella (14)
Piersante Sestini (15)
Giuseppe Corbo (16)
Riccardo Pistelli (16)
Giovanni Viegi (17)
Giovannino Ciccone (1)
1. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, AOU San Giovanni Battista Hospital -Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piedmont) and University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
2. Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont Region, ?, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, (Turin), Italy
3. Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6140, NZ
4. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
5. Department of Epidemiology, Rome/E Local Health Authority, ?, Via di S. Costanza 53, 00198, Rome, Italy
6. Department of Pediatrics, "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital, University of Turin, P.zza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
7. I Pediatric Clinic, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
8. Department of Statistics, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134, Florence, Italy
9. Unit of Biostatistics, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO), Via San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy
10. Epidemiology Unit, Local Health, ?, Corso Italia 19, 20122, Milan, Italy
11. Unit of Pneumology and Allergology, Local Health Authority TO-2, ?, Lungo Dora Savona 26, 10152, Turin, Italy
12. Unit of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO), Via San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy
13. Department of Prevention, Rome/G Local Health Authority -Tivoli Corso Garibaldi 7, ?, 00034, Colleferro (Rome), Italy
14. Unit of Preventive Medicine, Local Health Authority, ?, Via Trento 6, 46100, Mantova, Italy
15. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 3, 53100, Siena, Italy
16. Department of Respiratory Physiology, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
17. CNR Institutes of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo and of Clinical Physiology, ?, Pisa. Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
文摘
Background Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that exposure to vehicular traffic increases the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and may exacerbate pre-existing asthma in children. Self-reported exposure to road traffic has been questioned as a reliable measurement of exposure to air pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were specific effects of cars and trucks traffic on current asthma symptoms (i.e. wheezing) and cough or phlegm, and to examine the validity of self-reported traffic exposure. Methods The survey was conducted in 2002 in 12 centers in Northern, Center and Southern Italy, different in size, climate, latitude and level of urbanization. Standardized questionnaires filled in by parents were used to collect information on health outcomes and exposure to traffic among 33,632 6- and 13-4 years old children and adolescents. Three questions on traffic exposure were asked: the traffic in the zone of residence, the frequency of truck and of car traffic in the street of residence. The presence of a possible response bias for the self-reported traffic was evaluated using external validation (comparison with measurements of traffic flow in the city of Turin) and internal validations (matching by census block, in the cities of Turin, Milan and Rome). Results Overall traffic density was weakly associated with asthma symptoms but there was a stronger association with cough or phlegm (high traffic density OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49). Car and truck traffic were independently associated with cough or phlegm. The results of the external validation did not support the existence of a reporting bias for the observed associations, for all the self-reported traffic indicators examined. The internal validations showed that the observed association between traffic density in the zone of residence and respiratory symptoms did not appear to be explained by an over reporting of traffic by parents of symptomatic subjects. Conclusion Children living in zones with intense traffic are at higher risk for respiratory effects. Since population characteristics are specific, the results of validation of studies on self-reported traffic exposure can not be generalized.