Life-history traits promoting outbreaks of the pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the south-eastern Alps

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• 作者：Fernanda Colombari (1)
  Andrea Battisti (1)
  Leif Martin Schroeder (2)
  Massimo Faccoli (1)
  
• 关键词：Pine bark beetle ; Voltinism ; Colonisation density ; Mortality ; Temperature
• 刊名：European Journal of Forest Research
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：May 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：131
• 期：3
• 页码：553-561
• 全文大小：385KB
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• 作者单位：Fernanda Colombari (1)
  Andrea Battisti (1)
  Leif Martin Schroeder (2)
  Massimo Faccoli (1)
  
  1. Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Production, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  2. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
  

文摘

The pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus has recently increased frequency and intensity of outbreaks in Pinus sylvestris stands in the Alps. During a 3-year period, we investigated life-history traits of the species that may have adaptive value. In the south-eastern Alps, I. acuminatus becomes active in early spring when the air temperature reaches 14°C, suggesting the presence of a local population adapted to low temperature. Such an early emergence allows the complete development of a second generation, even if only a portion of the population is truly bivoltine. As a consequence, there are two main attack periods, the first in early spring and the second in summer, resulting in different trees being colonised each time. Irrespective of the generation, a large part of the beetles leaves the breeding substrate before hibernation, and this is interpreted as an escape from natural enemies associated with the bark. These findings suggest that the populations of I. acuminatus of the south-eastern Alps may benefit from climate warming as they have more opportunities to complete the second generation and to escape from mortality factors associated with a long permanence in the bark. In addition, the extended period of tree colonisation offers more possibilities to locate suitable hosts and to build up outbreak densities.