Unmanned Aerial Mass Spectrometer Systems for In-Situ Volcanic Plume Analysis

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• 作者：Jorge Andres Diaz ; David Pieri…
• 关键词：Miniature mass spectrometer ; In ; situ gas analysis ; Harsh environment ; Unmanned aerial system ; Validation and calibration ; Remote sensing comparison ; Volcanic plume analysis ; Volcanic monitoring ; Airborne instrumentation ; Volcanic emissions analysis
• 刊名：Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：26
• 期：2
• 页码：292-304
• 全文大小：10,787 KB
• 参考文献：1. Diaz, J.A., Giese, D.F., Gentry, W.R.: Mass spectrometry for in situ volcanic gas monitoring. Trends Anal. Chem. 21(8), 498-14 (2002) CrossRef
  2. Aiuppa, A., Federico, C., Giudice, G., Giuffrida, G., Guida, R., Gurrieri, S., Liuzzo, M., Moretti, R., Papale, P.: The 2007 eruption of Stromboli volcano: insights from real-time measurement of the volcanic gas plume CO₂/SO₂ ratio. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 182(3/4), 221-30 (2009) CrossRef
  3. Salerno, G.G., Burton, M.R., Oppenheimer, C., Caltabiano, T., Randazzo, D., Bruno, N., Longo, V.: Three years of SO₂ flux measurements of Mt. Etna using an automated UV scanner array: comparison with conventional traverses and uncertainties in flux retrieval. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 183(1/2), 76-3 (2009) CrossRef
  4. Kearney, C.S., Dean, K., Realmuto, V.J., Watson, I.M., Dehn, J., Prata, F.: Observations of SO₂ production and transport from Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka, using the moderate resolution infrared spectroradiometer (MODIS). Int. J. Remote Sens. 29(22), 6647-665 (2008) CrossRef
  5. Pieri, D., Abrams, M.: ASTER watches the world’s volcanoes: a new paradigm for volcanic observations from orbit. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 135(1/2), 13-8 (2004) CrossRef
  6. Realmuto, V.J., Abrams, M.J., Buongiorno, M.F., Pieri, D.C.: The use of multispectral thermal infrared image data to estimate the sulfur-dioxide flux from volcanoes—a case study from Mount Etna, Sicily, July 29, 1986. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 99, 481-88 (1994) CrossRef
  7. In: Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Harsh-Environment Mass Spectrometry. Harsh-Environment Mass Spectrometry Society (HEMS). ISBN: 9781629935317. 1, pp. 1-9 St. Pete Beach, Florida (2013)
  8. Arkin, C.R., Griffin, T.P., Diaz, J.A., Follistein, D.W., Curley, C.H., Floyd, D.P., Naylor, G.R., Haskell, W.D., Blalock, M., Adams, F.W.: A small mass spectrometer system for in situ gas analysis. Trends Anal. Chem. 23(4), 322-30 (2004) CrossRef
  9. Brown, S.T., Lambrigtsen, B., Denning, R.F., Gaier, T., Kangaslahti, P., Lim, B.H., Tanner, A.B..: The high-altitude MMIC sounding radiometer for the global hawk unmanned aerial vehicle: instrument description and performance: geoscience and remote sensing. IEEE Trans. 49(9), 3291-301 (2011)
  10. Braun S.A., Kakar R., Zipser E., Heymsfield G., Albers C., Brown S., Durden S. L., Guimond S., Halverson J., Heymsfield A., Ismail S., Lambrigtsen B., Miller T., Tanelli S., Thomas J., Zawislak J.: NASA’s Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field experiment. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 94(3), 345-63 (2013)
  11. Pieri D., Diaz J.A., Bland G., Fladeland M., Madrigal Y., Corrales E., Alegria O, Alan A., Realmuto V., Miles T. and Abtahi A. : In situ observations and sampling of volcanic emissions with NASA and UCR unmanned aircraft, including a case study at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 380, 321-52 (2013)
  12. Diaz, J.A., Giese, C.F., Gentry, W.R.: Sub-miniature ExB sector-field mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 12(6), 619-32 (2001) CrossRef
  13. Diaz, J.A.: Sub-miniature double-focusing mass spectrometer for in situ environmental monitoring and application to volcanic gaseous emissions. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota (1999)
  14. Diaz, J.A., Gentry, W.R., Giese, D.R.: Portable double focusing sector field mass spectrometer system for field ga
• 刊物主题：Analytical Chemistry; Biotechnology; Organic Chemistry; Proteomics; Bioinformatics;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1879-1123

文摘

Technology advances in the field of small, unmanned aerial vehicles and their integration with a variety of sensor packages and instruments, such as miniature mass spectrometers, have enhanced the possibilities and applications of what are now called unmanned aerial systems (UAS). With such technology, in situ and proximal remote sensing measurements of volcanic plumes are now possible without risking the lives of scientists and personnel in charge of close monitoring of volcanic activity. These methods provide unprecedented, and otherwise unobtainable, data very close in space and time to eruptions, to better understand the role of gas volatiles in magma and subsequent eruption products. Small mass spectrometers, together with the world’s smallest turbo molecular pump, have being integrated into NASA and University of Costa Rica UAS platforms to be field-tested for in situ volcanic plume analysis, and in support of the calibration and validation of satellite-based remote sensing data. These new UAS-MS systems are combined with existing UAS flight-tested payloads and assets, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, SO2, H2S, CO2, GPS sensors, on-board data storage, and telemetry. Such payloads are capable of generating real time 3D concentration maps of the Turrialba volcano active plume in Costa Rica, while remote sensing data are simultaneously collected from the ASTER and OMI space-borne instruments for comparison. The primary goal is to improve the understanding of the chemical and physical properties of emissions for mitigation of local volcanic hazards, for the validation of species detection and abundance of retrievals based on remote sensing, and to validate transport models. Graphical Abstract ?/em>