Air, bone and soft tissue excitation of the cochlea in the presence of severe impediments to ossicle and window mobility

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• 作者：Ronen Perez (1)
  Cahtia Adelman (2) (3)
  Shai Chordekar (4)
  Reuven Ishai (5)
  Haim Sohmer (6)
  
  1. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ; Shaare Zedek Medical Center ; POB 3235 ; 91031 ; Jerusalem ; Israel
  2. Speech and Hearing Center ; Hebrew University School of Medicine-Hadassah Medical Center ; POB 12000 ; 91120 ; Jerusalem ; Israel
  3. Department of Communication Disorders ; Hadassah Academic College ; 37 Hanevi鈥檌m Street ; POB 1114 ; 91010 ; Jerusalem ; Israel
  4. Department of Communication Disorders ; Sackler Faculty of Medicine ; Tel Aviv University ; Tel Aviv ; Israel
  5. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ; Western Galilee Hospital ; Nahariya ; Israel
  6. Department of Medical Neurobiology (Physiology) ; Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada ; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School ; POB 12272 ; 91120 ; Jerusalem ; Israel
  
• 关键词：Bone conduction ; Soft tissue ; Immobilization ; Ossicle discontinuity ; Window fixation ; Fluid pressures
• 刊名：European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：272
• 期：4
• 页码：853-860
• 全文大小：221 KB
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• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Otorhinolaryngology
  Neurosurgery
  Head and Neck Surgery
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1434-4726

文摘

Clinical conditions have been described in which one of the two cochlear windows is immobile (otosclerosis) or absent (round window atresia), but nevertheless bone conduction (BC) thresholds are relatively unaffected. To clarify this apparent paradox, experimental manipulations which would severely impede several of the classical osseous mechanisms of BC were induced in fat sand rats, including discontinuity or immobilization of the ossicular chain, coupled with window fixation. Effects of these manipulations were assessed by recording auditory nerve brainstem evoked response (ABR) thresholds to stimulation by air conduction (AC), by osseous BC and by non-osseous BC (also called soft tissue conduction-STC) in which the BC bone vibrator is applied to skin sites. Following the immobilization, discontinuity and window fixation, auditory stimulation was also delivered to cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and to saline applied to the middle ear cavity. While the manipulations (immobilization, discontinuity, window fixation) led to an elevation of AC thresholds, nevertheless, there was no change in osseous and non-osseous BC thresholds. On the other hand, ABR could be elicited in response to fluid pressure stimulation to CSF and middle ear saline, even in the presence of the severe restriction of ossicular chain and window mobility. The results of these experiments in which osseous and non-osseous BC thresholds remained unchanged in the presence of severe restriction of the classical middle ear mechanisms and in the absence of an efficient release window, while ABR could be recorded in response to fluid pressure auditory stimulation to fluid sites, indicate that it is possible that the inner ear may be activated at low sound intensities by fast fluid pressure stimulation. At higher sound intensities, a slower passive basilar membrane traveling wave may serve to excite the inner ear.