Energy and protein requirements of young Holstein calves in tropical condition

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• 作者：João Paulo Pacheco Rodrigues…
• 关键词：Comparative slaughter ; Efficiency of utilization ; Growth ; Maintenance ; Metabolizable energy ; Metabolizable protein
• 刊名：Tropical Animal Health and Production
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：48
• 期：7
• 页码：1387-1394
• 全文大小：395 KB
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Veterinary medicine
  Zoology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-7438
• 卷排序：48

文摘

Our objective was to estimate the energy and protein requirements of Holstein young calves up to 87 days old. Forty-two Holstein calves aged 4 days were used. From these, ten were randomly selected and slaughtered to compose the baseline slaughter (BS) group. The remaining calves were randomly assigned to eight treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial using a completely randomized design. The treatments were 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg/day of milk (297 g/kg CP; 319 g/kg of fat) fed twice daily, and then harvested at 59 or 87 days of age. Calves were fed a starter (193 g/kg CP; 133 g/kg NDF) ad libitum in all treatments. The calves slaughtered at 87 days of age had milk replaced by Coast-cross (Cynodoon sp.) hay (125 g/kg CP; 728 g/kg NDF). The net requirement of energy for maintenance (NE_m) was 0.36 MJ/kg EBWG, with efficiency of utilization of energy for maintenance (k_m) of 59.4 %. The equation obtained to estimate the net requirement of energy for gain (NE_g; MJ/d) was 4.40 × EBW0.099, with the efficiency of utilization of energy for gain (k_g) equal to 46.5 %. The observed requirements of net and metabolizable protein for maintenance (NP_m and MP_m) were 3.67 and 3.88 g/kg BW0.75, respectively. The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for maintenance (k_pm) was 94.6 %. The predicted requirements were higher than those observed in the literature, and this study demonstrated that the requirements of newborn calves are higher than the recommended.