The indigenous community as “living organism- José Carlos Mariátegui, Romantic Marxism, and extractive capitalism in the Andes

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• 作者：Jeffery R. Webber
• 关键词：Mariátegui ; García Linera ; Bolivia ; Marxism ; Extractivism
• 刊名：Theory and Society
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：44
• 期：6
• 页码：575-598
• 全文大小：469 KB
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• 作者单位：Jeffery R. Webber (1)
  
  1. School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK, E1 4NS
  
• 刊物类别：Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
• 刊物主题：Social Sciences
  Sociology
  Philosophy of the Social Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-7853

文摘

This article explores the complex relationship between Marxism and Romanticism in the work of early-twentieth century Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. Following Michael L?wy, it argues that there is a utopian-revolutionary dialectic of the pre-capitalist past and socialist future running through Mariátegui’s core works. The romantic thread of Mariátegui’s thought was in many ways a response to the prevalent evolutionist and economistic Marxist orthodoxies of his time. An argument is made that the fruitful heresy embedded in the Mariáteguist framework might suggest the outlines for a theoretical research agenda to counter a novel orthodoxy emerging out of the state ideologies of the Andean New Left in an era of intensifying extractive capitalism. Deploying a certain Marxist idiom, figures such as Bolivian Vice President álvaro García Linera defend as progressive the extension of large-scale mining, natural gas and oil extraction, and agro-industrial mono-cropping in alliance with multinational capital. Left and indigenous critics of this latest iteration of extractive capitalism in Latin America are condemned in this worldview as naive romantics, or worse, the useful idiots of imperialism. A creative return to Mariátegui allows us to read the opposition of Left and indigenous critique and activism in a different light. What is more, we can see in the biographies of activists such as Felipe Quispe in Bolivia a concrete realization of the Romantic Marxist critique of evolutionism and economism being discussed theoretically in our exploration of Mariátegui. Keywords Mariátegui García Linera Bolivia Marxism Extractivism