Infant gut microbiota and the hygiene hypothesis of allergic disease: impact of household pets and siblings on microbiota composition and diversity

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• 作者：Meghan B Azad (1)
  Theodore Konya (2)
  Heather Maughan (3)
  David S Guttman (3)
  Catherine J Field (4)
  Malcolm R Sears (5)
  Allan B Becker (6) (7)
  James A Scott (2)
  Anita L Kozyrskyj (1) (7)
  
• 关键词：Infants ; Gut microbiota ; Gut microbiome ; Hygiene hypothesis ; Microflora hypothesis ; Pets ; Siblings ; Atopy ; Allergic disease ; Environmental exposures
• 刊名：Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：December 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：9
• 期：1
• 全文大小：451KB
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• 作者单位：Meghan B Azad (1)
  Theodore Konya (2)
  Heather Maughan (3)
  David S Guttman (3)
  Catherine J Field (4)
  Malcolm R Sears (5)
  Allan B Becker (6) (7)
  James A Scott (2)
  Anita L Kozyrskyj (1) (7)
  
  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy 11405 -87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada
  2. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  3. Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  4. Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  5. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  6. Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  7. Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
  

文摘

Background Multiple studies have demonstrated that early-life exposure to pets or siblings affords protection against allergic disease; these associations are commonly attributed to the “hygiene hypothesis- Recently, low diversity of the infant gut microbiota has also been linked to allergic disease. In this study, we characterize the infant gut microbiota in relation to pets and siblings. Methods The study population comprised a small sub-sample of 24 healthy, full term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Mothers reported on household pets and siblings. Fecal samples were collected at 4 months of age, and microbiota composition was characterized by high-throughput signature gene sequencing. Results Microbiota richness and diversity tended to be increased in infants living with pets, whereas these measures were decreased in infants with older siblings. Infants living with pets exhibited under-representation of Bifidobacteriaceae and over-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae; infants with older siblings exhibited under-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae. Conclusions This study provides new evidence that exposure to pets and siblings may influence the early development of the gut microbiota, with potential implications for allergic disease. These two traditionally protective “hygiene hypothesis-factors appear to differentially impact gut microbiota composition and diversity, calling into question the clinical significance of these measures. Further research is required to confirm and expand these findings.